#include <stdio.h>
#include "puzzle.h"
#include "puzzle_propagate_result.h"
#include "interference.h"

// Crash the program if the solution is bad 
// (read: if any assertion is violated)
//
// assumes that the interference graph is correct
void puzzle_check_solution(puzzle_t* puzzle);

// Solve the puzzle, returning false if a backtrack is needed.
//
// (unlike puzzle_solve, which crashes the program)
bool puzzle_solve1(puzzle_t* puzzle);

// Propagate the constraints corresponding to cell=tile.
//
// Anything connected to cell on the interference graph won't be set to tile.
void puzzle_propagate_constraints(
    puzzle_t* puzzle, 
    uint8_t cell, 
    tile_t tile, 
    puzzle_propagate_result_t* result
);

// Undo propagating the constraints corresponding to cell=tile.
void puzzle_undo_propagate_constraints(
    puzzle_t* puzzle,
    tile_t tile,
    puzzle_propagate_result_t* result
);

// Return true if cell is bound to something other than '.'.
bool puzzle_cell_is_complete(puzzle_t* puzzle, uint8_t cell);

// Bind cell to some value, including '.'
void puzzle_set_cell(puzzle_t* puzzle, uint8_t cell, tile_t tile);

void puzzle_init(puzzle_t* puzzle, const tile_t board[N_CELLS]) {
    // save the original board
    for (uint8_t cell = 0; cell < N_CELLS; cell++) {
        puzzle->input_board[cell] = board[cell];
    }

    // create a blank board
    for (uint8_t cell = 0; cell < N_CELLS; cell++) {
        puzzle->solved_board[cell] = tile_new('.');
        puzzle_options_init(&puzzle->options[cell]);
    }

    // add every item from the input board to the new board
    for (uint8_t cell = 0; cell < N_CELLS; cell++) {
        tile_t tile = puzzle->input_board[cell];
        if (tile.value != '.') {
            puzzle_propagate_result_t propagate_result;
            puzzle_propagate_constraints(puzzle, cell, tile, &propagate_result);

            if (!propagate_result.viable) {
                crash("puzzle contains a contradiction");
            }
            puzzle_set_cell(puzzle, cell, tile);
        }
    }
}

void puzzle_solve(puzzle_t* puzzle) {
    bool success = puzzle_solve1(puzzle);
    if (!success) {
        crash("couldn't solve! horrible.");
    }
    puzzle_check_solution(puzzle);
}


bool puzzle_solve1(puzzle_t* puzzle) {
    // find best cell to start from
    // (which is the cell with the fewest options)
    uint8_t best_cell_noptions = 255;
    uint8_t best_cell = 255;

    for (uint8_t cell = 0; cell < N_CELLS; cell++) {
        if (puzzle_cell_is_complete(puzzle, cell)) {
            continue;
        }
        puzzle_options_t *options = &puzzle->options[cell];
        uint8_t cell_noptions = puzzle_options_count(options);
        if (cell_noptions < best_cell_noptions) {
            best_cell_noptions = cell_noptions;
            best_cell = cell;
        }
    }

    if (best_cell == 255) {
        // no valid starting cell: continue!
        return true;  
    }

    {
        // try every option that's still available (those from 1-9) that appear
        // in the options set that we have
        uint8_t cell = best_cell;
        puzzle_options_t *options = &puzzle->options[cell];
        for (char digit = '1'; digit <= (char) '9'; digit++) {
            tile_t tile = tile_new(digit);
            if (!puzzle_options_contains(options, tile)) {
                continue;
            }

            puzzle_propagate_result_t result;
            puzzle_propagate_constraints(puzzle, cell, tile, &result);

            if (result.viable) {
                // puzzle_propagate_constraints may have created a situation 
                // where there is no need to even try the next branch, as it is
                // known to be unsolvable
                puzzle_set_cell(puzzle, cell, tile);
                if (puzzle_solve1(puzzle)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            puzzle_undo_propagate_constraints(puzzle, tile, &result);
        }

        // we didn't explicitly clear this earlier, so clear this here
        puzzle_set_cell(puzzle, cell, tile_new('.'));
    }

    return false;
}

void puzzle_check_solution(puzzle_t* puzzle) {
    for (uint8_t cell = 0; cell < N_CELLS; cell++) {
        tile_t original = puzzle->input_board[cell];
        tile_t solved = puzzle->solved_board[cell];

        // every cell must be populated
        if (solved.value == '.') {
            crash("invalid solution (empty cell)");
        }

        // new cells must have the same value as the old cell in their position
        if (original.value != '.' && original.value != solved.value) {
            crash("invalid solution (changed original cell)");
        }

        // there must be no cases where the interference graph sees
        // two neighbors with the same tile value
        cellset_t *interference_row = &interference.rows[cell];
        for (uint8_t other_i = 0; other_i < interference_row->count; other_i++) {
            uint8_t other = interference_row->cells[other_i];
            if (puzzle->solved_board[other].value == solved.value) {
                crash("invalid solution (sudoku constraints violated)");
            }
        }
    }
}

void puzzle_propagate_constraints(
    puzzle_t* puzzle,
    uint8_t cell,
    tile_t tile,
    puzzle_propagate_result_t* result
) {
    cellset_init(&result->cells);
    result->viable = true;

    // find every row that cell interferes with
    // for every incomplete cell in that row, remove this tile value 
    // from the options
    cellset_t *interference_row = &interference.rows[cell];
    for (uint8_t other_i = 0; other_i < interference_row->count; other_i++) {
        uint8_t other = interference_row->cells[other_i];
        if (puzzle_cell_is_complete(puzzle, other)) {
            continue;
        }

        puzzle_options_t *options = &puzzle->options[other];
        if (puzzle_options_remove(options, tile)) {
            cellset_add(&result->cells, other);

            // if there is no possible value for a cell, then we picked wrong
            if (puzzle_options_is_empty(options)) {
                result->viable = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

void puzzle_undo_propagate_constraints(
    puzzle_t* puzzle,
    tile_t tile,
    puzzle_propagate_result_t* result
) {
    // we recorded every cell that was touched, so untouch those cells
    cellset_t *cells = &result->cells;
    for (uint8_t cell_i = 0; cell_i < cells->count; cell_i++) {
        uint8_t cell = cells->cells[cell_i];
        puzzle_options_add(&puzzle->options[cell], tile);
    }
}

bool puzzle_cell_is_complete(puzzle_t* puzzle, uint8_t cell) {
    return puzzle->solved_board[cell].value != '.';
}

void puzzle_set_cell(puzzle_t* puzzle, uint8_t cell, tile_t tile) {
    puzzle->solved_board[cell] = tile;
}