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Add a vendored copy of SDL

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# Contributing to SDL
We appreciate your interest in contributing to SDL, this document will describe how to report bugs, contribute code or ideas or edit documentation.
**Table Of Contents**
- [Filing a GitHub issue](#filing-a-github-issue)
- [Reporting a bug](#reporting-a-bug)
- [Suggesting enhancements](#suggesting-enhancements)
- [Contributing code](#contributing-code)
- [Forking the project](#forking-the-project)
- [Following the style guide](#following-the-style-guide)
- [Running the tests](#running-the-tests)
- [Opening a pull request](#opening-a-pull-request)
- [Contributing to the documentation](#contributing-to-the-documentation)
- [Editing a function documentation](#editing-a-function-documentation)
- [Editing the wiki](#editing-the-wiki)
## Filing a GitHub issue
### Reporting a bug
If you think you have found a bug and would like to report it, here are the steps you should take:
- Before opening a new issue, ensure your bug has not already been reported on the [GitHub Issues page](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues).
- On the issue tracker, click on [New Issue](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/new).
- Include details about your environment, such as your Operating System and SDL version.
- If possible, provide a small example that reproduces your bug.
### Suggesting enhancements
If you want to suggest changes for the project, here are the steps you should take:
- Check if the suggestion has already been made on:
- the [issue tracker](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues);
- the [discourse forum](https://discourse.libsdl.org/);
- or if a [pull request](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/pulls) already exists.
- On the issue tracker, click on [New Issue](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/new).
- Describe what change you would like to happen.
## Contributing code
This section will cover how the process of forking the project, making a change and opening a pull request.
### Forking the project
The first step consists in making a fork of the project, this is only necessary for the first contribution.
Head over to https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL and click on the `Fork` button in the top right corner of your screen, you may leave the fields unchanged and click `Create Fork`.
You will be redirected to your fork of the repository, click the green `Code` button and copy the git clone link.
If you had already forked the repository, you may update it from the web page using the `Fetch upstream` button.
### Following the style guide
Code formatting is done using a custom `.clang-format` file, you can learn more about how to run it [here](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html).
Some legacy code may not be formatted, as such avoid formatting the whole file at once and only format around your changes.
For your commit message to be properly displayed on GitHub, it should contain:
- A short description of the commit of 50 characters or less on the first line.
- If necessary, add a blank line followed by a long description, each line should be 72 characters or less.
For example:
```
Fix crash in SDL_FooBar.
This addresses the issue #123456 by making sure Foo was successful
before calling Bar.
```
### Running the tests
Tests allow you to verify if your changes did not break any behaviour, here are the steps to follow:
- Before pushing, run the `testautomation` suite on your machine, there should be no more failing tests after your change than before.
- After pushing to your fork, Continuous Integration (GitHub Actions) will ensure compilation and tests still pass on other systems.
### Opening a pull request
- Head over to your fork's GitHub page.
- Click on the `Contribute` button and `Open Pull Request`.
- Fill out the pull request template.
- If any changes are requested, you can add new commits to your fork and they will be automatically added to the pull request.
## Contributing to the documentation
### Editing a function documentation
The wiki documentation for API functions is synchronised from the headers' doxygen comments. As such, all modifications to syntax; function parameters; return value; version; related functions should be done in the header directly.
### Editing the wiki
Other changes to the wiki should done directly from https://wiki.libsdl.org/

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Android
================================================================================
Matt Styles wrote a tutorial on building SDL for Android with Visual Studio:
http://trederia.blogspot.de/2017/03/building-sdl2-for-android-with-visual.html
The rest of this README covers the Android gradle style build process.
If you are using the older ant build process, it is no longer officially
supported, but you can use the "android-project-ant" directory as a template.
Requirements
================================================================================
Android SDK (version 34 or later)
https://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
Android NDK r15c or later
https://developer.android.com/tools/sdk/ndk/index.html
Minimum API level supported by SDL: 19 (Android 4.4)
How the port works
================================================================================
- Android applications are Java-based, optionally with parts written in C
- As SDL apps are C-based, we use a small Java shim that uses JNI to talk to
the SDL library
- This means that your application C code must be placed inside an Android
Java project, along with some C support code that communicates with Java
- This eventually produces a standard Android .apk package
The Android Java code implements an "Activity" and can be found in:
android-project/app/src/main/java/org/libsdl/app/SDLActivity.java
The Java code loads your game code, the SDL shared library, and
dispatches to native functions implemented in the SDL library:
src/core/android/SDL_android.c
Building an app
================================================================================
For simple projects you can use the script located at build-scripts/androidbuild.sh
There's two ways of using it:
androidbuild.sh com.yourcompany.yourapp < sources.list
androidbuild.sh com.yourcompany.yourapp source1.c source2.c ...sourceN.c
sources.list should be a text file with a source file name in each line
Filenames should be specified relative to the current directory, for example if
you are in the build-scripts directory and want to create the testgles.c test, you'll
run:
./androidbuild.sh org.libsdl.testgles ../test/testgles.c
One limitation of this script is that all sources provided will be aggregated into
a single directory, thus all your source files should have a unique name.
Once the project is complete the script will tell you where the debug APK is located.
If you want to create a signed release APK, you can use the project created by this
utility to generate it.
Finally, a word of caution: re running androidbuild.sh wipes any changes you may have
done in the build directory for the app!
For more complex projects, follow these instructions:
1. Get the source code for SDL and copy the 'android-project' directory located at SDL/android-project to a suitable location. Also make sure to rename it to your project name (In these examples: YOURPROJECT).
(The 'android-project' directory can basically be seen as a sort of starting point for the android-port of your project. It contains the glue code between the Android Java 'frontend' and the SDL code 'backend'. It also contains some standard behaviour, like how events should be handled, which you will be able to change.)
2. Move or [symlink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link) the SDL directory into the "YOURPROJECT/app/jni" directory
(This is needed as the source of SDL has to be compiled by the Android compiler)
3. Edit "YOURPROJECT/app/jni/src/Android.mk" to include your source files.
(They should be separated by spaces after the "LOCAL_SRC_FILES := " declaration)
4a. If you want to use Android Studio, simply open your 'YOURPROJECT' directory and start building.
4b. If you want to build manually, run './gradlew installDebug' in the project directory. This compiles the .java, creates an .apk with the native code embedded, and installs it on any connected Android device
If you already have a project that uses CMake, the instructions change somewhat:
1. Do points 1 and 2 from the instruction above.
2. Edit "YOURPROJECT/app/build.gradle" to comment out or remove sections containing ndk-build
and uncomment the cmake sections. Add arguments to the CMake invocation as needed.
3. Edit "YOURPROJECT/app/jni/CMakeLists.txt" to include your project (it defaults to
adding the "src" subdirectory). Note that you'll have SDL2, SDL2main and SDL2-static
as targets in your project, so you should have "target_link_libraries(yourgame SDL2 SDL2main)"
in your CMakeLists.txt file. Also be aware that you should use add_library() instead of
add_executable() for the target containing your "main" function.
If you wish to use Android Studio, you can skip the last step.
4. Run './gradlew installDebug' or './gradlew installRelease' in the project directory. It will build and install your .apk on any
connected Android device
Here's an explanation of the files in the Android project, so you can customize them:
android-project/app
build.gradle - build info including the application version and SDK
src/main/AndroidManifest.xml - package manifest. Among others, it contains the class name of the main Activity and the package name of the application.
jni/ - directory holding native code
jni/Application.mk - Application JNI settings, including target platform and STL library
jni/Android.mk - Android makefile that can call recursively the Android.mk files in all subdirectories
jni/CMakeLists.txt - Top-level CMake project that adds SDL as a subproject
jni/SDL/ - (symlink to) directory holding the SDL library files
jni/SDL/Android.mk - Android makefile for creating the SDL shared library
jni/src/ - directory holding your C/C++ source
jni/src/Android.mk - Android makefile that you should customize to include your source code and any library references
jni/src/CMakeLists.txt - CMake file that you may customize to include your source code and any library references
src/main/assets/ - directory holding asset files for your application
src/main/res/ - directory holding resources for your application
src/main/res/mipmap-* - directories holding icons for different phone hardware
src/main/res/values/strings.xml - strings used in your application, including the application name
src/main/java/org/libsdl/app/SDLActivity.java - the Java class handling the initialization and binding to SDL. Be very careful changing this, as the SDL library relies on this implementation. You should instead subclass this for your application.
Customizing your application name
================================================================================
To customize your application name, edit AndroidManifest.xml and replace
"org.libsdl.app" with an identifier for your product package.
Then create a Java class extending SDLActivity and place it in a directory
under src matching your package, e.g.
src/com/gamemaker/game/MyGame.java
Here's an example of a minimal class file:
--- MyGame.java --------------------------
package com.gamemaker.game;
import org.libsdl.app.SDLActivity;
/**
* A sample wrapper class that just calls SDLActivity
*/
public class MyGame extends SDLActivity { }
------------------------------------------
Then replace "SDLActivity" in AndroidManifest.xml with the name of your
class, .e.g. "MyGame"
Customizing your application icon
================================================================================
Conceptually changing your icon is just replacing the "ic_launcher.png" files in
the drawable directories under the res directory. There are several directories
for different screen sizes.
Loading assets
================================================================================
Any files you put in the "app/src/main/assets" directory of your project
directory will get bundled into the application package and you can load
them using the standard functions in SDL_rwops.h.
There are also a few Android specific functions that allow you to get other
useful paths for saving and loading data:
* SDL_AndroidGetInternalStoragePath()
* SDL_AndroidGetExternalStorageState()
* SDL_AndroidGetExternalStoragePath()
See SDL_system.h for more details on these functions.
The asset packaging system will, by default, compress certain file extensions.
SDL includes two asset file access mechanisms, the preferred one is the so
called "File Descriptor" method, which is faster and doesn't involve the Dalvik
GC, but given this method does not work on compressed assets, there is also the
"Input Stream" method, which is automatically used as a fall back by SDL. You
may want to keep this fact in mind when building your APK, specially when large
files are involved.
For more information on which extensions get compressed by default and how to
disable this behaviour, see for example:
http://ponystyle.com/blog/2010/03/26/dealing-with-asset-compression-in-android-apps/
Pause / Resume behaviour
================================================================================
If SDL_HINT_ANDROID_BLOCK_ON_PAUSE hint is set (the default),
the event loop will block itself when the app is paused (ie, when the user
returns to the main Android dashboard). Blocking is better in terms of battery
use, and it allows your app to spring back to life instantaneously after resume
(versus polling for a resume message).
Upon resume, SDL will attempt to restore the GL context automatically.
In modern devices (Android 3.0 and up) this will most likely succeed and your
app can continue to operate as it was.
However, there's a chance (on older hardware, or on systems under heavy load),
where the GL context can not be restored. In that case you have to listen for
a specific message (SDL_RENDER_DEVICE_RESET) and restore your textures
manually or quit the app.
You should not use the SDL renderer API while the app going in background:
- SDL_APP_WILLENTERBACKGROUND:
after you read this message, GL context gets backed-up and you should not
use the SDL renderer API.
When this event is received, you have to set the render target to NULL, if you're using it.
(eg call SDL_SetRenderTarget(renderer, NULL))
- SDL_APP_DIDENTERFOREGROUND:
GL context is restored, and the SDL renderer API is available (unless you
receive SDL_RENDER_DEVICE_RESET).
Mouse / Touch events
================================================================================
In some case, SDL generates synthetic mouse (resp. touch) events for touch
(resp. mouse) devices.
To enable/disable this behavior, see SDL_hints.h:
- SDL_HINT_TOUCH_MOUSE_EVENTS
- SDL_HINT_MOUSE_TOUCH_EVENTS
Misc
================================================================================
For some device, it appears to works better setting explicitly GL attributes
before creating a window:
SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 5);
SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 6);
SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 5);
Threads and the Java VM
================================================================================
For a quick tour on how Linux native threads interoperate with the Java VM, take
a look here: https://developer.android.com/guide/practices/jni.html
If you want to use threads in your SDL app, it's strongly recommended that you
do so by creating them using SDL functions. This way, the required attach/detach
handling is managed by SDL automagically. If you have threads created by other
means and they make calls to SDL functions, make sure that you call
Android_JNI_SetupThread() before doing anything else otherwise SDL will attach
your thread automatically anyway (when you make an SDL call), but it'll never
detach it.
If you ever want to use JNI in a native thread (created by "SDL_CreateThread()"),
it won't be able to find your java class and method because of the java class loader
which is different for native threads, than for java threads (eg your "main()").
the work-around is to find class/method, in you "main()" thread, and to use them
in your native thread.
see:
https://developer.android.com/training/articles/perf-jni#faq:-why-didnt-findclass-find-my-class
Using STL
================================================================================
You can use STL in your project by creating an Application.mk file in the jni
folder and adding the following line:
APP_STL := c++_shared
For more information go here:
https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/cpp-support
Using the emulator
================================================================================
There are some good tips and tricks for getting the most out of the
emulator here: https://developer.android.com/tools/devices/emulator.html
Especially useful is the info on setting up OpenGL ES 2.0 emulation.
Notice that this software emulator is incredibly slow and needs a lot of disk space.
Using a real device works better.
Troubleshooting
================================================================================
You can see if adb can see any devices with the following command:
adb devices
You can see the output of log messages on the default device with:
adb logcat
You can push files to the device with:
adb push local_file remote_path_and_file
You can push files to the SD Card at /sdcard, for example:
adb push moose.dat /sdcard/moose.dat
You can see the files on the SD card with a shell command:
adb shell ls /sdcard/
You can start a command shell on the default device with:
adb shell
You can remove the library files of your project (and not the SDL lib files) with:
ndk-build clean
You can do a build with the following command:
ndk-build
You can see the complete command line that ndk-build is using by passing V=1 on the command line:
ndk-build V=1
If your application crashes in native code, you can use ndk-stack to get a symbolic stack trace:
https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/ndk-stack
If you want to go through the process manually, you can use addr2line to convert the
addresses in the stack trace to lines in your code.
For example, if your crash looks like this:
I/DEBUG ( 31): signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 2 (SEGV_ACCERR), fault addr 400085d0
I/DEBUG ( 31): r0 00000000 r1 00001000 r2 00000003 r3 400085d4
I/DEBUG ( 31): r4 400085d0 r5 40008000 r6 afd41504 r7 436c6a7c
I/DEBUG ( 31): r8 436c6b30 r9 435c6fb0 10 435c6f9c fp 4168d82c
I/DEBUG ( 31): ip 8346aff0 sp 436c6a60 lr afd1c8ff pc afd1c902 cpsr 60000030
I/DEBUG ( 31): #00 pc 0001c902 /system/lib/libc.so
I/DEBUG ( 31): #01 pc 0001ccf6 /system/lib/libc.so
I/DEBUG ( 31): #02 pc 000014bc /data/data/org.libsdl.app/lib/libmain.so
I/DEBUG ( 31): #03 pc 00001506 /data/data/org.libsdl.app/lib/libmain.so
You can see that there's a crash in the C library being called from the main code.
I run addr2line with the debug version of my code:
arm-eabi-addr2line -C -f -e obj/local/armeabi/libmain.so
and then paste in the number after "pc" in the call stack, from the line that I care about:
000014bc
I get output from addr2line showing that it's in the quit function, in testspriteminimal.c, on line 23.
You can add logging to your code to help show what's happening:
#include <android/log.h>
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "foo", "Something happened! x = %d", x);
If you need to build without optimization turned on, you can create a file called
"Application.mk" in the jni directory, with the following line in it:
APP_OPTIM := debug
Memory debugging
================================================================================
The best (and slowest) way to debug memory issues on Android is valgrind.
Valgrind has support for Android out of the box, just grab code using:
svn co svn://svn.valgrind.org/valgrind/trunk valgrind
... and follow the instructions in the file README.android to build it.
One thing I needed to do on Mac OS X was change the path to the toolchain,
and add ranlib to the environment variables:
export RANLIB=$NDKROOT/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/darwin-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ranlib
Once valgrind is built, you can create a wrapper script to launch your
application with it, changing org.libsdl.app to your package identifier:
--- start_valgrind_app -------------------
#!/system/bin/sh
export TMPDIR=/data/data/org.libsdl.app
exec /data/local/Inst/bin/valgrind --log-file=/sdcard/valgrind.log --error-limit=no $*
------------------------------------------
Then push it to the device:
adb push start_valgrind_app /data/local
and make it executable:
adb shell chmod 755 /data/local/start_valgrind_app
and tell Android to use the script to launch your application:
adb shell setprop wrap.org.libsdl.app "logwrapper /data/local/start_valgrind_app"
If the setprop command says "could not set property", it's likely that
your package name is too long and you should make it shorter by changing
AndroidManifest.xml and the path to your class file in android-project/src
You can then launch your application normally and waaaaaaaiiittt for it.
You can monitor the startup process with the logcat command above, and
when it's done (or even while it's running) you can grab the valgrind
output file:
adb pull /sdcard/valgrind.log
When you're done instrumenting with valgrind, you can disable the wrapper:
adb shell setprop wrap.org.libsdl.app ""
Graphics debugging
================================================================================
If you are developing on a compatible Tegra-based tablet, NVidia provides
Tegra Graphics Debugger at their website. Because SDL2 dynamically loads EGL
and GLES libraries, you must follow their instructions for installing the
interposer library on a rooted device. The non-rooted instructions are not
compatible with applications that use SDL2 for video.
The Tegra Graphics Debugger is available from NVidia here:
https://developer.nvidia.com/tegra-graphics-debugger
Why is API level 19 the minimum required?
================================================================================
The latest NDK toolchain doesn't support targeting earlier than API level 19.
As of this writing, according to https://www.composables.com/tools/distribution-chart
about 99.7% of the Android devices accessing Google Play support API level 19 or
higher (August 2023).
A note regarding the use of the "dirty rectangles" rendering technique
================================================================================
If your app uses a variation of the "dirty rectangles" rendering technique,
where you only update a portion of the screen on each frame, you may notice a
variety of visual glitches on Android, that are not present on other platforms.
This is caused by SDL's use of EGL as the support system to handle OpenGL ES/ES2
contexts, in particular the use of the eglSwapBuffers function. As stated in the
documentation for the function "The contents of ancillary buffers are always
undefined after calling eglSwapBuffers".
Setting the EGL_SWAP_BEHAVIOR attribute of the surface to EGL_BUFFER_PRESERVED
is not possible for SDL as it requires EGL 1.4, available only on the API level
17+, so the only workaround available on this platform is to redraw the entire
screen each frame.
Reference: http://www.khronos.org/registry/egl/specs/EGLTechNote0001.html
Ending your application
================================================================================
Two legitimate ways:
- return from your main() function. Java side will automatically terminate the
Activity by calling Activity.finish().
- Android OS can decide to terminate your application by calling onDestroy()
(see Activity life cycle). Your application will receive a SDL_QUIT event you
can handle to save things and quit.
Don't call exit() as it stops the activity badly.
NB: "Back button" can be handled as a SDL_KEYDOWN/UP events, with Keycode
SDLK_AC_BACK, for any purpose.
Known issues
================================================================================
- The number of buttons reported for each joystick is hardcoded to be 36, which
is the current maximum number of buttons Android can report.

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# CMake
(www.cmake.org)
SDL's build system was traditionally based on autotools. Over time, this
approach has suffered from several issues across the different supported
platforms.
To solve these problems, a new build system based on CMake was introduced.
It is developed in parallel to the legacy autotools build system, so users
can experiment with it without complication.
The CMake build system is supported on the following platforms:
* FreeBSD
* Linux
* Microsoft Visual C
* MinGW and Msys
* macOS, iOS, and tvOS, with support for XCode
* Android
* Emscripten
* RiscOS
* Playstation Vita
## Building SDL
Assuming the source for SDL is located at `~/sdl`
```sh
cd ~
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ~/sdl
cmake --build .
```
This will build the static and dynamic versions of SDL in the `~/build` directory.
Installation can be done using:
```sh
cmake --install . # '--install' requires CMake 3.15, or newer
```
## Including SDL in your project
SDL can be included in your project in 2 major ways:
- using a system SDL library, provided by your (*nix) distribution or a package manager
- using a vendored SDL library: this is SDL copied or symlinked in a subfolder.
The following CMake script supports both, depending on the value of `MYGAME_VENDORED`.
```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(mygame)
# Create an option to switch between a system sdl library and a vendored sdl library
option(MYGAME_VENDORED "Use vendored libraries" OFF)
if(MYGAME_VENDORED)
add_subdirectory(vendored/sdl EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
else()
# 1. Look for a SDL2 package, 2. look for the SDL2 component and 3. fail if none can be found
find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED CONFIG REQUIRED COMPONENTS SDL2)
# 1. Look for a SDL2 package, 2. Look for the SDL2maincomponent and 3. DO NOT fail when SDL2main is not available
find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED CONFIG COMPONENTS SDL2main)
endif()
# Create your game executable target as usual
add_executable(mygame WIN32 mygame.c)
# SDL2::SDL2main may or may not be available. It is e.g. required by Windows GUI applications
if(TARGET SDL2::SDL2main)
# It has an implicit dependency on SDL2 functions, so it MUST be added before SDL2::SDL2 (or SDL2::SDL2-static)
target_link_libraries(mygame PRIVATE SDL2::SDL2main)
endif()
# Link to the actual SDL2 library. SDL2::SDL2 is the shared SDL library, SDL2::SDL2-static is the static SDL libarary.
target_link_libraries(mygame PRIVATE SDL2::SDL2)
```
### A system SDL library
For CMake to find SDL, it must be installed in [a default location CMake is looking for](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/command/find_package.html#config-mode-search-procedure).
The following components are available, to be used as an argument of `find_package`.
| Component name | Description |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SDL2 | The SDL2 shared library, available through the `SDL2::SDL2` target [^SDL_TARGET_EXCEPTION] |
| SDL2-static | The SDL2 static library, available through the `SDL2::SDL2-static` target |
| SDL2main | The SDL2main static library, available through the `SDL2::SDL2main` target |
| SDL2test | The SDL2test static library, available through the `SDL2::SDL2test` target |
### Using a vendored SDL
This only requires a copy of SDL in a subdirectory.
## CMake configuration options for platforms
### iOS/tvOS
CMake 3.14+ natively includes support for iOS and tvOS. SDL binaries may be built
using Xcode or Make, possibly among other build-systems.
When using a recent version of CMake (3.14+), it should be possible to:
- build SDL for iOS, both static and dynamic
- build SDL test apps (as iOS/tvOS .app bundles)
- generate a working SDL_config.h for iOS (using SDL_config.h.cmake as a basis)
To use, set the following CMake variables when running CMake's configuration stage:
- `CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=<OS>` (either `iOS` or `tvOS`)
- `CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=<SDK>` (examples: `iphoneos`, `iphonesimulator`, `iphoneos12.4`, `/full/path/to/iPhoneOS.sdk`,
`appletvos`, `appletvsimulator`, `appletvos12.4`, `/full/path/to/AppleTVOS.sdk`, etc.)
- `CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=<semicolon-separated list of CPU architectures>` (example: "arm64;armv7s;x86_64")
#### Examples
- for iOS-Simulator, using the latest, installed SDK:
```bash
cmake ~/sdl -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=iphonesimulator -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=x86_64
```
- for iOS-Device, using the latest, installed SDK, 64-bit only
```bash
cmake ~/sdl -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=iphoneos -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=arm64
```
- for iOS-Device, using the latest, installed SDK, mixed 32/64 bit
```cmake
cmake ~/sdl -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=iphoneos -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="arm64;armv7s"
```
- for iOS-Device, using a specific SDK revision (iOS 12.4, in this example):
```cmake
cmake ~/sdl -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=iphoneos12.4 -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=arm64
```
- for iOS-Simulator, using the latest, installed SDK, and building SDL test apps (as .app bundles):
```cmake
cmake ~/sdl -DSDL_TESTS=1 -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=iphonesimulator -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=x86_64
```
- for tvOS-Simulator, using the latest, installed SDK:
```cmake
cmake ~/sdl -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=tvOS -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=appletvsimulator -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=x86_64
```
- for tvOS-Device, using the latest, installed SDK:
```cmake
cmake ~/sdl -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=tvOS -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=appletvos -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=arm64`
```
[^SDL_TARGET_EXCEPTION]: `SDL2::SDL2` can be an ALIAS to a static `SDL2::SDL2-static` target for multiple reasons.

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DirectFB
========
Supports:
- Hardware YUV overlays
- OpenGL - software only
- 2D/3D accelerations (depends on directfb driver)
- multiple displays
- windows
What you need:
* DirectFB 1.0.1, 1.2.x, 1.3.0
* Kernel-Framebuffer support: required: vesafb, radeonfb ....
* Mesa 7.0.x - optional for OpenGL
The `/etc/directfbrc` file should contain the following lines to make
your joystick work and avoid crashes:
```
disable-module=joystick
disable-module=cle266
disable-module=cyber5k
no-linux-input-grab
```
To disable to use x11 backend when DISPLAY variable is found use
```
export SDL_DIRECTFB_X11_CHECK=0
```
To disable the use of linux input devices, i.e. multimice/multikeyboard support,
use
```
export SDL_DIRECTFB_LINUX_INPUT=0
```
To use hardware accelerated YUV-overlays for YUV-textures, use:
```
export SDL_DIRECTFB_YUV_DIRECT=1
```
This is disabled by default. It will only support one
YUV texture, namely the first. Every other YUV texture will be
rendered in software.
In addition, you may use (directfb-1.2.x)
```
export SDL_DIRECTFB_YUV_UNDERLAY=1
```
to make the YUV texture an underlay. This will make the cursor to
be shown.
Simple Window Manager
=====================
The driver has support for a very, very basic window manager you may
want to use when running with `wm=default`. Use
```
export SDL_DIRECTFB_WM=1
```
to enable basic window borders. In order to have the window title rendered,
you need to have the following font installed:
```
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSans.ttf
```
OpenGL Support
==============
The following instructions will give you *software* OpenGL. However this
works at least on all directfb supported platforms.
As of this writing 20100802 you need to pull Mesa from git and do the following:
```
git clone git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/mesa/mesa
cd mesa
git checkout 2c9fdaf7292423c157fc79b5ce43f0f199dd753a
```
Edit `configs/linux-directfb` so that the Directories-section looks like this:
```
# Directories
SRC_DIRS = mesa glu
GLU_DIRS = sgi
DRIVER_DIRS = directfb
PROGRAM_DIRS =
```
Then do the following:
```
make linux-directfb
make
echo Installing - please enter sudo pw.
sudo make install INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local/dfb_GL
cd src/mesa/drivers/directfb
make
sudo make install INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local/dfb_GL
```
To run the SDL - testprograms:
```
export SDL_VIDEODRIVER=directfb
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/dfb_GL/lib
export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/dfb_GL/libGL.so.7
./testgl
```

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# Dynamic API
Originally posted on Ryan's Google+ account.
Background:
- The Steam Runtime has (at least in theory) a really kick-ass build of SDL2,
but developers are shipping their own SDL2 with individual Steam games.
These games might stop getting updates, but a newer SDL2 might be needed later.
Certainly we'll always be fixing bugs in SDL, even if a new video target isn't
ever needed, and these fixes won't make it to a game shipping its own SDL.
- Even if we replace the SDL2 in those games with a compatible one, that is to
say, edit a developer's Steam depot (yuck!), there are developers that are
statically linking SDL2 that we can't do this for. We can't even force the
dynamic loader to ignore their SDL2 in this case, of course.
- If you don't ship an SDL2 with the game in some form, people that disabled the
Steam Runtime, or just tried to run the game from the command line instead of
Steam might find themselves unable to run the game, due to a missing dependency.
- If you want to ship on non-Steam platforms like GOG or Humble Bundle, or target
generic Linux boxes that may or may not have SDL2 installed, you have to ship
the library or risk a total failure to launch. So now, you might have to have
a non-Steam build plus a Steam build (that is, one with and one without SDL2
included), which is inconvenient if you could have had one universal build
that works everywhere.
- We like the zlib license, but the biggest complaint from the open source
community about the license change is the static linking. The LGPL forced this
as a legal, not technical issue, but zlib doesn't care. Even those that aren't
concerned about the GNU freedoms found themselves solving the same problems:
swapping in a newer SDL to an older game often times can save the day.
Static linking stops this dead.
So here's what we did:
SDL now has, internally, a table of function pointers. So, this is what SDL_Init
now looks like:
```c
Uint32 SDL_Init(Uint32 flags)
{
return jump_table.SDL_Init(flags);
}
```
Except that is all done with a bunch of macro magic so we don't have to maintain
every one of these.
What is jump_table.SDL_init()? Eventually, that's a function pointer of the real
SDL_Init() that you've been calling all this time. But at startup, it looks more
like this:
```c
Uint32 SDL_Init_DEFAULT(Uint32 flags)
{
SDL_InitDynamicAPI();
return jump_table.SDL_Init(flags);
}
```
SDL_InitDynamicAPI() fills in jump_table with all the actual SDL function
pointers, which means that this `_DEFAULT` function never gets called again.
First call to any SDL function sets the whole thing up.
So you might be asking, what was the value in that? Isn't this what the operating
system's dynamic loader was supposed to do for us? Yes, but now we've got this
level of indirection, we can do things like this:
```bash
export SDL_DYNAMIC_API=/my/actual/libSDL-2.0.so.0
./MyGameThatIsStaticallyLinkedToSDL2
```
And now, this game that is statically linked to SDL, can still be overridden
with a newer, or better, SDL. The statically linked one will only be used as
far as calling into the jump table in this case. But in cases where no override
is desired, the statically linked version will provide its own jump table,
and everyone is happy.
So now:
- Developers can statically link SDL, and users can still replace it.
(We'd still rather you ship a shared library, though!)
- Developers can ship an SDL with their game, Valve can override it for, say,
new features on SteamOS, or distros can override it for their own needs,
but it'll also just work in the default case.
- Developers can ship the same package to everyone (Humble Bundle, GOG, etc),
and it'll do the right thing.
- End users (and Valve) can update a game's SDL in almost any case,
to keep abandoned games running on newer platforms.
- Everyone develops with SDL exactly as they have been doing all along.
Same headers, same ABI. Just get the latest version to enable this magic.
A little more about SDL_InitDynamicAPI():
Internally, InitAPI does some locking to make sure everything waits until a
single thread initializes everything (although even SDL_CreateThread() goes
through here before spinning a thread, too), and then decides if it should use
an external SDL library. If not, it sets up the jump table using the current
SDL's function pointers (which might be statically linked into a program, or in
a shared library of its own). If so, it loads that library and looks for and
calls a single function:
```c
Sint32 SDL_DYNAPI_entry(Uint32 version, void *table, Uint32 tablesize);
```
That function takes a version number (more on that in a moment), the address of
the jump table, and the size, in bytes, of the table.
Now, we've got policy here: this table's layout never changes; new stuff gets
added to the end. Therefore SDL_DYNAPI_entry() knows that it can provide all
the needed functions if tablesize <= sizeof its own jump table. If tablesize is
bigger (say, SDL 2.0.4 is trying to load SDL 2.0.3), then we know to abort, but
if it's smaller, we know we can provide the entire API that the caller needs.
The version variable is a failsafe switch.
Right now it's always 1. This number changes when there are major API changes
(so we know if the tablesize might be smaller, or entries in it have changed).
Right now SDL_DYNAPI_entry gives up if the version doesn't match, but it's not
inconceivable to have a small dispatch library that only supplies this one
function and loads different, otherwise-incompatible SDL libraries and has the
right one initialize the jump table based on the version. For something that
must generically catch lots of different versions of SDL over time, like the
Steam Client, this isn't a bad option.
Finally, I'm sure some people are reading this and thinking,
"I don't want that overhead in my project!"
To which I would point out that the extra function call through the jump table
probably wouldn't even show up in a profile, but lucky you: this can all be
disabled. You can build SDL without this if you absolutely must, but we would
encourage you not to do that. However, on heavily locked down platforms like
iOS, or maybe when debugging, it makes sense to disable it. The way this is
designed in SDL, you just have to change one #define, and the entire system
vaporizes out, and SDL functions exactly like it always did. Most of it is
macro magic, so the system is contained to one C file and a few headers.
However, this is on by default and you have to edit a header file to turn it
off. Our hopes is that if we make it easy to disable, but not too easy,
everyone will ultimately be able to get what they want, but we've gently
nudged everyone towards what we think is the best solution.

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# Emscripten
## The state of things
(As of September 2023, but things move quickly and we don't update this
document often.)
In modern times, all the browsers you probably care about (Chrome, Firefox,
Edge, and Safari, on Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android), support some
reasonable base configurations:
- WebAssembly (don't bother with asm.js any more)
- WebGL (which will look like OpenGL ES 2 or 3 to your app).
- Threads (see caveats, though!)
- Game controllers
- Autoupdating (so you can assume they have a recent version of the browser)
All this to say we're at the point where you don't have to make a lot of
concessions to get even a fairly complex SDL-based game up and running.
## RTFM
This document is a quick rundown of some high-level details. The
documentation at [emscripten.org](https://emscripten.org/) is vast
and extremely detailed for a wide variety of topics, and you should at
least skim through it at some point.
## Porting your app to Emscripten
Many many things just need some simple adjustments and they'll compile
like any other C/C++ code, as long as SDL was handling the platform-specific
work for your program.
First, you probably need this in at least one of your source files:
```c
#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
#include <emscripten.h>
#endif
```
Second: assembly language code has to go. Replace it with C. You can even use
[x86 SIMD intrinsic functions in Emscripten](https://emscripten.org/docs/porting/simd.html)!
Third: Middleware has to go. If you have a third-party library you link
against, you either need an Emscripten port of it, or the source code to it
to compile yourself, or you need to remove it.
Fourth: You still start in a function called main(), but you need to get out of
it and into a function that gets called repeatedly, and returns quickly,
called a mainloop.
Somewhere in your program, you probably have something that looks like a more
complicated version of this:
```c
void main(void)
{
initialize_the_game();
while (game_is_still_running) {
check_for_new_input();
think_about_stuff();
draw_the_next_frame();
}
deinitialize_the_game();
}
```
This will not work on Emscripten, because the main thread needs to be free
to do stuff and can't sit in this loop forever. So Emscripten lets you set up
a [mainloop](https://emscripten.org/docs/porting/emscripten-runtime-environment.html#browser-main-loop).
```c
static void mainloop(void) /* this will run often, possibly at the monitor's refresh rate */
{
if (!game_is_still_running) {
deinitialize_the_game();
#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
emscripten_cancel_main_loop(); /* this should "kill" the app. */
#else
exit(0);
#endif
}
check_for_new_input();
think_about_stuff();
draw_the_next_frame();
}
void main(void)
{
initialize_the_game();
#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
emscripten_set_main_loop(mainloop, 0, 1);
#else
while (1) { mainloop(); }
#endif
}
```
Basically, `emscripten_set_main_loop(mainloop, 0, 1);` says "run
`mainloop` over and over until I end the program." The function will
run, and return, freeing the main thread for other tasks, and then
run again when it's time. The `1` parameter does some magic to make
your main() function end immediately; this is useful because you
don't want any shutdown code that might be sitting below this code
to actually run if main() were to continue on, since we're just
getting started.
There's a lot of little details that are beyond the scope of this
document, but that's the biggest intial set of hurdles to porting
your app to the web.
## Do you need threads?
If you plan to use threads, they work on all major browsers now. HOWEVER,
they bring with them a lot of careful considerations. Rendering _must_
be done on the main thread. This is a general guideline for many
platforms, but a hard requirement on the web.
Many other things also must happen on the main thread; often times SDL
and Emscripten make efforts to "proxy" work to the main thread that
must be there, but you have to be careful (and read more detailed
documentation than this for the finer points).
Even when using threads, your main thread needs to set an Emscripten
mainloop that runs quickly and returns, or things will fail to work
correctly.
You should definitely read [Emscripten's pthreads docs](https://emscripten.org/docs/porting/pthreads.html)
for all the finer points. Mostly SDL's thread API will work as expected,
but is built on pthreads, so it shares the same little incompatibilities
that are documented there, such as where you can use a mutex, and when
a thread will start running, etc.
IMPORTANT: You have to decide to either build something that uses
threads or something that doesn't; you can't have one build
that works everywhere. This is an Emscripten (or maybe WebAssembly?
Or just web browsers in general?) limitation. If you aren't using
threads, it's easier to not enable them at all, at build time.
If you use threads, you _have to_ run from a web server that has
[COOP/COEP headers set correctly](https://web.dev/why-coop-coep/)
or your program will fail to start at all.
If building with threads, `__EMSCRIPTEN_PTHREADS__` will be defined
for checking with the C preprocessor, so you can build something
different depending on what sort of build you're compiling.
## Audio
Audio works as expected at the API level, but not exactly like other
platforms.
You'll only see a single default audio device. Audio capture also works;
if the browser pops up a prompt to ask for permission to access the
microphone, the SDL_OpenAudioDevice call will succeed and start producing
silence at a regular interval. Once the user approves the request, real
audio data will flow. If the user denies it, the app is not informed and
will just continue to receive silence.
Modern web browsers will not permit web pages to produce sound before the
user has interacted with them (clicked or tapped on them, usually); this is
for several reasons, not the least of which being that no one likes when a
random browser tab suddenly starts making noise and the user has to scramble
to figure out which and silence it.
SDL will allow you to open the audio device for playback in this
circumstance, and your audio callback will fire, but SDL will throw the audio
data away until the user interacts with the page. This helps apps that depend
on the audio callback to make progress, and also keeps audio playback in sync
once the app is finally allowed to make noise.
There are two reasonable ways to deal with the silence at the app level:
if you are writing some sort of media player thing, where the user expects
there to be a volume control when you mouseover the canvas, just default
that control to a muted state; if the user clicks on the control to unmute
it, on this first click, open the audio device. This allows the media to
play at start, and the user can reasonably opt-in to listening.
Many games do not have this sort of UI, and are more rigid about starting
audio along with everything else at the start of the process. For these, your
best bet is to write a little Javascript that puts up a "Click here to play!"
UI, and upon the user clicking, remove that UI and then call the Emscripten
app's main() function. As far as the application knows, the audio device was
available to be opened as soon as the program started, and since this magic
happens in a little Javascript, you don't have to change your C/C++ code at
all to make it happen.
Please see the discussion at https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/6385
for some Javascript code to steal for this approach.
## Rendering
If you use SDL's 2D render API, it will use GLES2 internally, which
Emscripten will turn into WebGL calls. You can also use OpenGL ES 2
directly by creating a GL context and drawing into it.
Calling SDL_RenderPresent (or SDL_GL_SwapWindow) will not actually
present anything on the screen until your return from your mainloop
function.
## Building SDL/emscripten
First: do you _really_ need to build SDL from source?
If you aren't developing SDL itself, have a desire to mess with its source
code, or need something on the bleeding edge, don't build SDL. Just use
Emscripten's packaged version!
Compile and link your app with `-sUSE_SDL=2` and it'll use a build of
SDL packaged with Emscripten. This comes from the same source code and
fixes the Emscripten project makes to SDL are generally merged into SDL's
revision control, so often this is much easier for app developers.
`-sUSE_SDL=1` will select Emscripten's JavaScript reimplementation of SDL
1.2 instead; if you need SDL 1.2, this might be fine, but we generally
recommend you don't use SDL 1.2 in modern times.
If you want to build SDL, though...
SDL currently requires at least Emscripten 3.1.35 to build. Newer versions
are likely to work, as well.
Build:
This works on Linux/Unix and macOS. Please send comments about Windows.
Make sure you've [installed emsdk](https://emscripten.org/docs/getting_started/downloads.html)
first, and run `source emsdk_env.sh` at the command line so it finds the
tools.
(These configure options might be overkill, but this has worked for me.)
```bash
cd SDL
mkdir build
cd build
emconfigure ../configure --host=wasm32-unknown-emscripten --disable-pthreads --disable-assembly --disable-cpuinfo CFLAGS="-sUSE_SDL=0 -O3"
emmake make -j4
```
If you want to build with thread support, something like this works:
```bash
emconfigure ../configure --host=wasm32-unknown-emscripten --enable-pthreads --disable-assembly --disable-cpuinfo CFLAGS="-sUSE_SDL=0 -O3 -pthread" LDFLAGS="-pthread"
```
Or with cmake:
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
emcmake cmake ..
emmake make -j4
```
To build one of the tests:
```bash
cd test/
emcc -O2 --js-opts 0 -g4 testdraw2.c -I../include ../build/.libs/libSDL2.a ../build/libSDL2_test.a -o a.html
```
## Building your app
You need to compile with `emcc` instead of `gcc` or `clang` or whatever, but
mostly it uses the same command line arguments as Clang.
Link against the SDL/build/.libs/libSDL2.a file you generated by building SDL,
link with `-sUSE_SDL=2` to use Emscripten's prepackaged SDL2 build.
Usually you would produce a binary like this:
```bash
gcc -o mygame mygame.c # or whatever
```
But for Emscripten, you want to output something else:
```bash
emcc -o index.html mygame.c
```
This will produce several files...support Javascript and WebAssembly (.wasm)
files. The `-o index.html` will produce a simple HTML page that loads and
runs your app. You will (probably) eventually want to replace or customize
that file and do `-o index.js` instead to just build the code pieces.
If you're working on a program of any serious size, you'll likely need to
link with `-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=1gb` to get access
to more memory. If using pthreads, you'll need the `-sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=1gb`
or the app will fail to start on iOS browsers, but this might be a bug that
goes away in the future.
## Data files
Your game probably has data files. Here's how to access them.
Filesystem access works like a Unix filesystem; you have a single directory
tree, possibly interpolated from several mounted locations, no drive letters,
'/' for a path separator. You can access them with standard file APIs like
open() or fopen() or SDL_RWops. You can read or write from the filesystem.
By default, you probably have a "MEMFS" filesystem (all files are stored in
memory, but access to them is immediate and doesn't need to block). There are
other options, like "IDBFS" (files are stored in a local database, so they
don't need to be in RAM all the time and they can persist between runs of the
program, but access is not synchronous). You can mix and match these file
systems, mounting a MEMFS filesystem at one place and idbfs elsewhere, etc,
but that's beyond the scope of this document. Please refer to Emscripten's
[page on the topic](https://emscripten.org/docs/porting/files/file_systems_overview.html)
for more info.
The _easiest_ (but not the best) way to get at your data files is to embed
them in the app itself. Emscripten's linker has support for automating this.
```bash
emcc -o index.html loopwave.c --embed-file=../test/sample.wav@/sounds/sample.wav
```
This will pack ../test/sample.wav in your app, and make it available at
"/sounds/sample.wav" at runtime. Emscripten makes sure this data is available
before your main() function runs, and since it's in MEMFS, you can just
read it like you do on other platforms. `--embed-file` can also accept a
directory to pack an entire tree, and you can specify the argument multiple
times to pack unrelated things into the final installation.
Note that this is absolutely the best approach if you have a few small
files to include and shouldn't worry about the issue further. However, if you
have hundreds of megabytes and/or thousands of files, this is not so great,
since the user will download it all every time they load your page, and it
all has to live in memory at runtime.
[Emscripten's documentation on the matter](https://emscripten.org/docs/porting/files/packaging_files.html)
gives other options and details, and is worth a read.
## Debugging
Debugging web apps is a mixed bag. You should compile and link with
`-gsource-map`, which embeds a ton of source-level debugging information into
the build, and make sure _the app source code is available on the web server_,
which is often a scary proposition for various reasons.
When you debug from the browser's tools and hit a breakpoint, you can step
through the actual C/C++ source code, though, which can be nice.
If you try debugging in Firefox and it doesn't work well for no apparent
reason, try Chrome, and vice-versa. These tools are still relatively new,
and improving all the time.
SDL_Log() (or even plain old printf) will write to the Javascript console,
and honestly I find printf-style debugging to be easier than setting up a build
for proper debugging, so use whatever tools work best for you.
## Questions?
Please give us feedback on this document at [the SDL bug tracker](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues).
If something is wrong or unclear, we want to know!

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GDK
=====
This port allows SDL applications to run via Microsoft's Game Development Kit (GDK).
Windows (GDK) and Xbox One/Xbox Series (GDKX) are both supported and all the required code is included in this public SDL release. However, only licensed Xbox developers have access to the GDKX libraries which will allow you to build the Xbox targets.
Requirements
------------
* Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 (in theory, it should also work in 2017 or 2019, but this has not been tested)
* Microsoft GDK June 2022 or newer (public release [here](https://github.com/microsoft/GDK/releases/tag/June_2022))
* For Xbox, you will need the corresponding GDKX version (licensed developers only)
* To publish a package or successfully authenticate a user, you will need to create an app id/configure services in Partner Center. However, for local testing purposes (without authenticating on Xbox Live), the identifiers used by the GDK test programs in the included solution will work.
Windows GDK Status
------
The Windows GDK port supports the full set of Win32 APIs, renderers, controllers, input devices, etc., as the normal Windows x64 build of SDL.
* Additionally, the GDK port adds the following:
* Compile-time platform detection for SDL programs. The `__GDK__` is `#define`d on every GDK platform, and the `__WINGDK__` is `#define`d on Windows GDK, specifically. (This distinction exists because other GDK platforms support a smaller subset of functionality. This allows you to mark code for "any" GDK separate from Windows GDK.)
* GDK-specific setup:
* Initializing/uninitializing the game runtime, and initializing Xbox Live services
* Creating a global task queue and setting it as the default for the process. When running any async operations, passing in `NULL` as the task queue will make the task get added to the global task queue.
* An implementation on `WinMain` that performs the above GDK setup (you should link against SDL2main.lib, as in Windows x64). If you are unable to do this, you can instead manually call `SDL_GDKRunApp` from your entry point, passing in your `SDL_main` function and `NULL` as the parameters.
* Global task queue callbacks are dispatched during `SDL_PumpEvents` (which is also called internally if using `SDL_PollEvent`).
* You can get the handle of the global task queue through `SDL_GDKGetTaskQueue`, if needed. When done with the queue, be sure to use `XTaskQueueCloseHandle` to decrement the reference count (otherwise it will cause a resource leak).
* Single-player games have some additional features available:
* Call `SDL_GDKGetDefaultUser` to get the default XUserHandle pointer.
* `SDL_GetPrefPath` still works, but only for single-player titles.
These functions mostly wrap around async APIs, and thus should be treated as synchronous alternatives. Also note that the single-player functions return on any OS errors, so be sure to validate the return values!
* What doesn't work:
* Compilation with anything other than through the included Visual C++ solution file
## VisualC-GDK Solution
The included `VisualC-GDK/SDL.sln` solution includes the following targets for the Gaming.Desktop.x64 configuration:
* SDL2 (DLL) - This is the typical SDL2.dll, but for Gaming.Desktop.x64.
* SDL2main (lib) - This contains a drop-in implementation of `WinMain` that is used as the entry point for GDK programs.
* tests/testgamecontroller - Standard SDL test program demonstrating controller functionality.
* tests/testgdk - GDK-specific test program that demonstrates using the global task queue to login a user into Xbox Live.
*NOTE*: As of the June 2022 GDK, you cannot test user logins without a valid Title ID and MSAAppId. You will need to manually change the identifiers in the `MicrosoftGame.config` to your valid IDs from Partner Center if you wish to test this.
* tests/testsprite2 - Standard SDL test program demonstrating sprite drawing functionality.
If you set one of the test programs as a startup project, you can run it directly from Visual Studio.
Windows GDK Setup, Detailed Steps
---------------------
These steps assume you already have a game using SDL that runs on Windows x64 along with a corresponding Visual Studio solution file for the x64 version. If you don't have this, it's easiest to use one of the test program vcxproj files in the `VisualC-GDK` directory as a starting point, though you will still need to do most of the steps below.
### 1. Add a Gaming.Desktop.x64 Configuration ###
In your game's existing Visual Studio Solution, go to Build > Configuration Manager. From the "Active solution platform" drop-down select "New...". From the drop-down list, select Gaming.Desktop.x64 and copy the settings from the x64 configuration.
### 2. Build SDL2 and SDL2main for GDK ###
Open `VisualC-GDK/SDL.sln` in Visual Studio, you need to build the SDL2 and SDL2main targets for the Gaming.Desktop.x64 platform (Release is recommended). You will need to copy/keep track of the `SDL2.dll`, `XCurl.dll` (which is output by Gaming.Desktop.x64), `SDL2.lib`, and `SDL2main.lib` output files for your game project.
*Alternatively*, you could setup your solution file to instead reference the SDL2/SDL2main project file targets from the SDL source, and add those projects as a dependency. This would mean that SDL2 and SDL2main would both be built when your game is built.
### 3. Configuring Project Settings ###
While the Gaming.Desktop.x64 configuration sets most of the required settings, there are some additional items to configure for your game project under the Gaming.Desktop.x64 Configuration:
* Under C/C++ > General > Additional Include Directories, make sure the `SDL/include` path is referenced
* Under Linker > General > Additional Library Directories, make sure to reference the path where the newly-built SDL2.lib and SDL2main.lib are
* Under Linker > Input > Additional Dependencies, you need the following:
* `SDL2.lib`
* `SDL2main.lib` (unless not using)
* `xgameruntime.lib`
* `../Microsoft.Xbox.Services.141.GDK.C.Thunks.lib`
* Note that in general, the GDK libraries depend on the MSVC C/C++ runtime, so there is no way to remove this dependency from a GDK program that links against GDK.
### 4. Setting up SDL_main ###
Rather than using your own implementation of `WinMain`, it's recommended that you instead `#include "SDL_main.h"` and declare a standard main function. If you are unable to do this, you can instead manually call `SDL_GDKRunApp` from your entry point, passing in your `SDL_main` function and `NULL` as the parameters.
### 5. Required DLLs ###
The game will not launch in the debugger unless required DLLs are included in the directory that contains the game's .exe file. You need to make sure that the following files are copied into the directory:
* Your SDL2.dll
* "$(Console_GRDKExtLibRoot)Xbox.Services.API.C\DesignTime\CommonConfiguration\Neutral\Lib\Release\Microsoft.Xbox.Services.141.GDK.C.Thunks.dll"
* XCurl.dll
You can either copy these in a post-build step, or you can add the dlls into the project and set its Configuration Properties > General > Item type to "Copy file," which will also copy them into the output directory.
### 6. Setting up MicrosoftGame.config ###
You can copy `VisualC-GDK/tests/testgdk/MicrosoftGame.config` and use that as a starting point in your project. Minimally, you will want to change the Executable Name attribute, the DefaultDisplayName, and the Description.
This file must be copied into the same directory as the game's .exe file. As with the DLLs, you can either use a post-build step or the "Copy file" item type.
For basic testing, you do not need to change anything else in `MicrosoftGame.config`. However, if you want to test any Xbox Live services (such as logging in users) _or_ publish a package, you will need to setup a Game app on Partner Center.
Then, you need to set the following values to the values from Partner Center:
* Identity tag - Name and Publisher attributes
* TitleId
* MSAAppId
### 7. Adding Required Logos
Several logo PNG files are required to be able to launch the game, even from the debugger. You can use the sample logos provided in `VisualC-GDK/logos`. As with the other files, they must be copied into the same directory as the game's .exe file.
### 8. Copying any Data Files ###
When debugging GDK games, there is no way to specify a working directory. Therefore, any required game data must also be copied into the output directory, likely in a post-build step.
### 9. Build and Run from Visual Studio ###
At this point, you should be able to build and run your game from the Visual Studio Debugger. If you get any linker errors, make sure you double-check that you referenced all the required libs.
If you are testing Xbox Live functionality, it's likely you will need to change to the Sandbox for your title. To do this:
1. Run "Desktop VS 2022 Gaming Command Prompt" from the Start Menu
2. Switch the sandbox name with:
`XblPCSandbox SANDBOX.#`
3. (To switch back to the retail sandbox):
`XblPCSandbox RETAIL`
### 10. Packaging and Installing Locally
You can use one of the test program's `PackageLayout.xml` as a starting point. Minimally, you will need to change the exe to the correct name and also reference any required game data. As with the other data files, it's easiest if you have this copy to the output directory, although it's not a requirement as you can specify relative paths to files.
To create the package:
1. Run "Desktop VS 2022 Gaming Command Prompt" from the Start Menu
2. `cd` to the directory containing the `PackageLayout.xml` with the correct paths (if you use the local path as in the sample package layout, this would be from your .exe output directory)
3. `mkdir Package` to create an output directory
4. To package the file into the `Package` directory, use:
`makepkg pack /f PackageLayout.xml /lt /d . /nogameos /pc /pd Package`
5. To install the package, use:
`wdapp install PACKAGENAME.msixvc`
6. Once the package is installed, you can run it from the start menu.
7. As with when running from Visual Studio, if you need to test any Xbox Live functionality you must switch to the correct sandbox.
Xbox GDKX Setup
---------------------
In general, the same process in the Windows GDK instructions work. There are just a few additional notes:
* For Xbox One consoles, use the Gaming.Xbox.XboxOne.x64 target
* For Xbox Series consoles, use the Gaming.Xbox.Scarlett.x64 target
* The Xbox One target sets the `__XBOXONE__` define and the Xbox Series target sets the `__XBOXSERIES__` define
* You don't need to link against the Xbox.Services Thunks lib nor include that dll in your package (it doesn't exist for Xbox)
* The shader blobs for Xbox are created in a pre-build step for the Xbox targets, rather than included in the source (due to NDA and version compatability reasons)
* To create a package, use:
`makepkg pack /f PackageLayout.xml /lt /d . /pd Package`
* To install the package, use:
`xbapp install [PACKAGE].xvc`
* For some reason, if you make changes that require SDL2.dll to build, and you are running through the debugger (instead of a package), you have to rebuild your .exe target for the debugger to recognize the dll has changed and needs to be transferred to the console again
* While there are successful releases of Xbox titles using this port, it is not as extensively tested as other targets
Troubleshooting
---------------
#### Xbox Live Login does not work
As of June 2022 GDK, you must have a valid Title Id and MSAAppId in order to test Xbox Live functionality such as user login. Make sure these are set correctly in the `MicrosoftGame.config`. This means that even testgdk will not let you login without setting these properties to valid values.
Furthermore, confirm that your PC is set to the correct sandbox.
#### "The current user has already installed an unpackaged version of this app. A packaged version cannot replace this." error when installing
Prior to June 2022 GDK, running from the Visual Studio debugger would still locally register the app (and it would appear on the start menu). To fix this, you have to uninstall it (it's simplest to right click on it from the start menu to uninstall it).

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Dollar Gestures
===========================================================================
SDL provides an implementation of the $1 gesture recognition system. This allows for recording, saving, loading, and performing single stroke gestures.
Gestures can be performed with any number of fingers (the centroid of the fingers must follow the path of the gesture), but the number of fingers must be constant (a finger cannot go down in the middle of a gesture). The path of a gesture is considered the path from the time when the final finger went down, to the first time any finger comes up.
Dollar gestures are assigned an Id based on a hash function. This is guaranteed to remain constant for a given gesture. There is a (small) chance that two different gestures will be assigned the same ID. In this case, simply re-recording one of the gestures should result in a different ID.
Recording:
----------
To begin recording on a touch device call:
SDL_RecordGesture(SDL_TouchID touchId), where touchId is the id of the touch device you wish to record on, or -1 to record on all connected devices.
Recording terminates as soon as a finger comes up. Recording is acknowledged by an SDL_DOLLARRECORD event.
A SDL_DOLLARRECORD event is a dgesture with the following fields:
* event.dgesture.touchId - the Id of the touch used to record the gesture.
* event.dgesture.gestureId - the unique id of the recorded gesture.
Performing:
-----------
As long as there is a dollar gesture assigned to a touch, every finger-up event will also cause an SDL_DOLLARGESTURE event with the following fields:
* event.dgesture.touchId - the Id of the touch which performed the gesture.
* event.dgesture.gestureId - the unique id of the closest gesture to the performed stroke.
* event.dgesture.error - the difference between the gesture template and the actual performed gesture. Lower error is a better match.
* event.dgesture.numFingers - the number of fingers used to draw the stroke.
Most programs will want to define an appropriate error threshold and check to be sure that the error of a gesture is not abnormally high (an indicator that no gesture was performed).
Saving:
-------
To save a template, call SDL_SaveDollarTemplate(gestureId, dst) where gestureId is the id of the gesture you want to save, and dst is an SDL_RWops pointer to the file where the gesture will be stored.
To save all currently loaded templates, call SDL_SaveAllDollarTemplates(dst) where dst is an SDL_RWops pointer to the file where the gesture will be stored.
Both functions return the number of gestures successfully saved.
Loading:
--------
To load templates from a file, call SDL_LoadDollarTemplates(touchId,src) where touchId is the id of the touch to load to (or -1 to load to all touch devices), and src is an SDL_RWops pointer to a gesture save file.
SDL_LoadDollarTemplates returns the number of templates successfully loaded.
===========================================================================
Multi Gestures
===========================================================================
SDL provides simple support for pinch/rotate/swipe gestures.
Every time a finger is moved an SDL_MULTIGESTURE event is sent with the following fields:
* event.mgesture.touchId - the Id of the touch on which the gesture was performed.
* event.mgesture.x - the normalized x coordinate of the gesture. (0..1)
* event.mgesture.y - the normalized y coordinate of the gesture. (0..1)
* event.mgesture.dTheta - the amount that the fingers rotated during this motion.
* event.mgesture.dDist - the amount that the fingers pinched during this motion.
* event.mgesture.numFingers - the number of fingers used in the gesture.
===========================================================================
Notes
===========================================================================
For a complete example see test/testgesture.c
Please direct questions/comments to:
jim.tla+sdl_touch@gmail.com

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git
=========
The latest development version of SDL is available via git.
Git allows you to get up-to-the-minute fixes and enhancements;
as a developer works on a source tree, you can use "git" to mirror that
source tree instead of waiting for an official release. Please look
at the Git website ( https://git-scm.com/ ) for more
information on using git, where you can also download software for
macOS, Windows, and Unix systems.
git clone https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL
If you are building SDL via configure, you will need to run autogen.sh
before running configure.
There is a web interface to the Git repository at:
http://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/

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We are no longer hosted in Mercurial. Please see README-git.md for details.
Thanks!

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iOS
======
Building the Simple DirectMedia Layer for iOS 9.0+
==============================================================================
Requirements: Mac OS X 10.9 or later and the iOS 9.0 or newer SDK.
Instructions:
1. Open SDL.xcodeproj (located in Xcode/SDL) in Xcode.
2. Select your desired target, and hit build.
Using the Simple DirectMedia Layer for iOS
==============================================================================
1. Run Xcode and create a new project using the iOS Game template, selecting the Objective C language and Metal game technology.
2. In the main view, delete all files except for Assets and LaunchScreen
3. Right click the project in the main view, select "Add Files...", and add the SDL project, Xcode/SDL/SDL.xcodeproj
4. Select the project in the main view, go to the "Info" tab and under "Custom iOS Target Properties" remove the line "Main storyboard file base name"
5. Select the project in the main view, go to the "Build Settings" tab, select "All", and edit "Header Search Path" and drag over the SDL "Public Headers" folder from the left
6. Select the project in the main view, go to the "Build Phases" tab, select "Link Binary With Libraries", and add SDL2.framework from "Framework-iOS"
7. Select the project in the main view, go to the "General" tab, scroll down to "Frameworks, Libraries, and Embedded Content", and select "Embed & Sign" for the SDL library.
8. In the main view, expand SDL -> Library Source -> main -> uikit and drag SDL_uikit_main.c into your game files
9. Add the source files that you would normally have for an SDL program, making sure to have #include "SDL.h" at the top of the file containing your main() function.
10. Add any assets that your application needs.
11. Enjoy!
TODO: Add information regarding App Store requirements such as icons, etc.
Notes -- Retina / High-DPI and window sizes
==============================================================================
Window and display mode sizes in SDL are in "screen coordinates" (or "points",
in Apple's terminology) rather than in pixels. On iOS this means that a window
created on an iPhone 6 will have a size in screen coordinates of 375 x 667,
rather than a size in pixels of 750 x 1334. All iOS apps are expected to
size their content based on screen coordinates / points rather than pixels,
as this allows different iOS devices to have different pixel densities
(Retina versus non-Retina screens, etc.) without apps caring too much.
By default SDL will not use the full pixel density of the screen on
Retina/high-dpi capable devices. Use the SDL_WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI flag when
creating your window to enable high-dpi support.
When high-dpi support is enabled, SDL_GetWindowSize() and display mode sizes
will still be in "screen coordinates" rather than pixels, but the window will
have a much greater pixel density when the device supports it, and the
SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize() or SDL_GetRendererOutputSize() functions (depending on
whether raw OpenGL or the SDL_Render API is used) can be queried to determine
the size in pixels of the drawable screen framebuffer.
Some OpenGL ES functions such as glViewport expect sizes in pixels rather than
sizes in screen coordinates. When doing 2D rendering with OpenGL ES, an
orthographic projection matrix using the size in screen coordinates
(SDL_GetWindowSize()) can be used in order to display content at the same scale
no matter whether a Retina device is used or not.
Notes -- Application events
==============================================================================
On iOS the application goes through a fixed life cycle and you will get
notifications of state changes via application events. When these events
are delivered you must handle them in an event callback because the OS may
not give you any processing time after the events are delivered.
e.g.
int HandleAppEvents(void *userdata, SDL_Event *event)
{
switch (event->type)
{
case SDL_APP_TERMINATING:
/* Terminate the app.
Shut everything down before returning from this function.
*/
return 0;
case SDL_APP_LOWMEMORY:
/* You will get this when your app is paused and iOS wants more memory.
Release as much memory as possible.
*/
return 0;
case SDL_APP_WILLENTERBACKGROUND:
/* Prepare your app to go into the background. Stop loops, etc.
This gets called when the user hits the home button, or gets a call.
*/
return 0;
case SDL_APP_DIDENTERBACKGROUND:
/* This will get called if the user accepted whatever sent your app to the background.
If the user got a phone call and canceled it, you'll instead get an SDL_APP_DIDENTERFOREGROUND event and restart your loops.
When you get this, you have 5 seconds to save all your state or the app will be terminated.
Your app is NOT active at this point.
*/
return 0;
case SDL_APP_WILLENTERFOREGROUND:
/* This call happens when your app is coming back to the foreground.
Restore all your state here.
*/
return 0;
case SDL_APP_DIDENTERFOREGROUND:
/* Restart your loops here.
Your app is interactive and getting CPU again.
*/
return 0;
default:
/* No special processing, add it to the event queue */
return 1;
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
SDL_SetEventFilter(HandleAppEvents, NULL);
... run your main loop
return 0;
}
Notes -- Accelerometer as Joystick
==============================================================================
SDL for iPhone supports polling the built in accelerometer as a joystick device. For an example on how to do this, see the accelerometer.c in the demos directory.
The main thing to note when using the accelerometer with SDL is that while the iPhone natively reports accelerometer as floating point values in units of g-force, SDL_JoystickGetAxis() reports joystick values as signed integers. Hence, in order to convert between the two, some clamping and scaling is necessary on the part of the iPhone SDL joystick driver. To convert SDL_JoystickGetAxis() reported values BACK to units of g-force, simply multiply the values by SDL_IPHONE_MAX_GFORCE / 0x7FFF.
Notes -- OpenGL ES
==============================================================================
Your SDL application for iOS uses OpenGL ES for video by default.
OpenGL ES for iOS supports several display pixel formats, such as RGBA8 and RGB565, which provide a 32 bit and 16 bit color buffer respectively. By default, the implementation uses RGB565, but you may use RGBA8 by setting each color component to 8 bits in SDL_GL_SetAttribute().
If your application doesn't use OpenGL's depth buffer, you may find significant performance improvement by setting SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE to 0.
Finally, if your application completely redraws the screen each frame, you may find significant performance improvement by setting the attribute SDL_GL_RETAINED_BACKING to 0.
OpenGL ES on iOS doesn't use the traditional system-framebuffer setup provided in other operating systems. Special care must be taken because of this:
- The drawable Renderbuffer must be bound to the GL_RENDERBUFFER binding point when SDL_GL_SwapWindow() is called.
- The drawable Framebuffer Object must be bound while rendering to the screen and when SDL_GL_SwapWindow() is called.
- If multisample antialiasing (MSAA) is used and glReadPixels is used on the screen, the drawable framebuffer must be resolved to the MSAA resolve framebuffer (via glBlitFramebuffer or glResolveMultisampleFramebufferAPPLE), and the MSAA resolve framebuffer must be bound to the GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER binding point, before glReadPixels is called.
The above objects can be obtained via SDL_GetWindowWMInfo() (in SDL_syswm.h).
Notes -- Keyboard
==============================================================================
The SDL keyboard API has been extended to support on-screen keyboards:
void SDL_StartTextInput()
-- enables text events and reveals the onscreen keyboard.
void SDL_StopTextInput()
-- disables text events and hides the onscreen keyboard.
SDL_bool SDL_IsTextInputActive()
-- returns whether or not text events are enabled (and the onscreen keyboard is visible)
Notes -- Mouse
==============================================================================
iOS now supports Bluetooth mice on iPad, but by default will provide the mouse input as touch. In order for SDL to see the real mouse events, you should set the key UIApplicationSupportsIndirectInputEvents to true in your Info.plist
Notes -- Reading and Writing files
==============================================================================
Each application installed on iPhone resides in a sandbox which includes its own Application Home directory. Your application may not access files outside this directory.
Once your application is installed its directory tree looks like:
MySDLApp Home/
MySDLApp.app
Documents/
Library/
Preferences/
tmp/
When your SDL based iPhone application starts up, it sets the working directory to the main bundle (MySDLApp Home/MySDLApp.app), where your application resources are stored. You cannot write to this directory. Instead, I advise you to write document files to "../Documents/" and preferences to "../Library/Preferences".
More information on this subject is available here:
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html
Notes -- xcFramework
==============================================================================
The SDL.xcodeproj file now includes a target to build SDL2.xcframework. An xcframework is a new (Xcode 11) uber-framework which can handle any combination of processor type and target OS platform.
In the past, iOS devices were always an ARM variant processor, and the simulator was always i386 or x86_64, and thus libraries could be combined into a single framework for both simulator and device. With the introduction of the Apple Silicon ARM-based machines, regular frameworks would collide as CPU type was no longer sufficient to differentiate the platform. So Apple created the new xcframework library package.
The xcframework target builds into a Products directory alongside the SDL.xcodeproj file, as SDL2.xcframework. This can be brought in to any iOS project and will function properly for both simulator and device, no matter their CPUs. Note that Intel Macs cannot cross-compile for Apple Silicon Macs. If you need AS compatibility, perform this build on an Apple Silicon Mac.
This target requires Xcode 11 or later. The target will simply fail to build if attempted on older Xcodes.
In addition, on Apple platforms, main() cannot be in a dynamically loaded library. This means that iOS apps which used the statically-linked libSDL2.lib and now link with the xcframwork will need to define their own main() to call SDL_UIKitRunApp(), like this:
#ifndef SDL_MAIN_HANDLED
#ifdef main
#undef main
#endif
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
return SDL_UIKitRunApp(argc, argv, SDL_main);
}
#endif /* !SDL_MAIN_HANDLED */
Using an xcFramework is similar to using a regular framework. However, issues have been seen with the build system not seeing the headers in the xcFramework. To remedy this, add the path to the xcFramework in your app's target ==> Build Settings ==> Framework Search Paths and mark it recursive (this is critical). Also critical is to remove "*.framework" from Build Settings ==> Sub-Directories to Exclude in Recursive Searches. Clean the build folder, and on your next build the build system should be able to see any of these in your code, as expected:
#include "SDL_main.h"
#include <SDL.h>
#include <SDL_main.h>
Notes -- iPhone SDL limitations
==============================================================================
Windows:
Full-size, single window applications only. You cannot create multi-window SDL applications for iPhone OS. The application window will fill the display, though you have the option of turning on or off the menu-bar (pass SDL_CreateWindow() the flag SDL_WINDOW_BORDERLESS).
Textures:
The optimal texture formats on iOS are SDL_PIXELFORMAT_ABGR8888, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_ABGR8888, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_BGR888, and SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB24 pixel formats.
Loading Shared Objects:
This is disabled by default since it seems to break the terms of the iOS SDK agreement for iOS versions prior to iOS 8. It can be re-enabled in SDL_config_iphoneos.h.
Notes -- CoreBluetooth.framework
==============================================================================
SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI is disabled by default. It can give you access to a lot
more game controller devices, but it requires permission from the user before
your app will be able to talk to the Bluetooth hardware. "Made For iOS"
branded controllers do not need this as we don't have to speak to them
directly with raw bluetooth, so many apps can live without this.
You'll need to link with CoreBluetooth.framework and add something like this
to your Info.plist:
<key>NSBluetoothPeripheralUsageDescription</key>
<string>MyApp would like to remain connected to nearby bluetooth Game Controllers and Game Pads even when you're not using the app.</string>
Game Center
==============================================================================
Game Center integration might require that you break up your main loop in order to yield control back to the system. In other words, instead of running an endless main loop, you run each frame in a callback function, using:
int SDL_iPhoneSetAnimationCallback(SDL_Window * window, int interval, void (*callback)(void*), void *callbackParam);
This will set up the given function to be called back on the animation callback, and then you have to return from main() to let the Cocoa event loop run.
e.g.
extern "C"
void ShowFrame(void*)
{
... do event handling, frame logic and rendering ...
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
... initialize game ...
#ifdef __IPHONEOS__
// Initialize the Game Center for scoring and matchmaking
InitGameCenter();
// Set up the game to run in the window animation callback on iOS
// so that Game Center and so forth works correctly.
SDL_iPhoneSetAnimationCallback(window, 1, ShowFrame, NULL);
#else
while ( running ) {
ShowFrame(0);
DelayFrame();
}
#endif
return 0;
}
Deploying to older versions of iOS
==============================================================================
SDL supports deploying to older versions of iOS than are supported by the latest version of Xcode, all the way back to iOS 8.0
In order to do that you need to download an older version of Xcode:
https://developer.apple.com/download/more/?name=Xcode
Open the package contents of the older Xcode and your newer version of Xcode and copy over the folders in Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/DeviceSupport
Then open the file Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS.sdk/SDKSettings.plist and add the versions of iOS you want to deploy to the key Root/DefaultProperties/DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_SUGGESTED_VALUES
Open your project and set your deployment target to the desired version of iOS
Finally, remove GameController from the list of frameworks linked by your application and edit the build settings for "Other Linker Flags" and add -weak_framework GameController

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KMSDRM on *BSD
==================================================
KMSDRM is supported on FreeBSD and OpenBSD. DragonFlyBSD works but requires being a root user. NetBSD isn't supported yet because the application will crash when creating the KMSDRM screen.
WSCONS support has been brought back, but only as an input backend. It will not be brought back as a video backend to ease maintenance.
OpenBSD note: Note that the video backend assumes that the user has read/write permissions to the /dev/drm* devices.
SDL2 WSCONS input backend features
===================================================
1. It is keymap-aware; it will work properly with different keymaps.
2. It has mouse support.
3. Accent input is supported.
4. Compose keys are supported.
5. AltGr and Meta Shift keys work as intended.
Partially working or no input on OpenBSD/NetBSD.
==================================================
The WSCONS input backend needs read/write access to the /dev/wskbd* devices, without which it will not work properly. /dev/wsmouse must also be read/write accessible, otherwise mouse input will not work.
Partially working or no input on FreeBSD.
==================================================
The evdev devices are only accessible to the root user by default. Edit devfs rules to allow access to such devices. The /dev/kbd* devices are also only accessible to the root user by default. Edit devfs rules to allow access to such devices.

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Linux
================================================================================
By default SDL will only link against glibc, the rest of the features will be
enabled dynamically at runtime depending on the available features on the target
system. So, for example if you built SDL with XRandR support and the target
system does not have the XRandR libraries installed, it will be disabled
at runtime, and you won't get a missing library error, at least with the
default configuration parameters.
Build Dependencies
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ubuntu 18.04, all available features enabled:
sudo apt-get install build-essential git make autoconf automake libtool \
pkg-config cmake ninja-build gnome-desktop-testing libasound2-dev libpulse-dev \
libaudio-dev libjack-dev libsndio-dev libsamplerate0-dev libx11-dev libxext-dev \
libxrandr-dev libxcursor-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxss-dev libwayland-dev \
libxkbcommon-dev libdrm-dev libgbm-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles2-mesa-dev \
libegl1-mesa-dev libdbus-1-dev libibus-1.0-dev libudev-dev fcitx-libs-dev
Ubuntu 22.04+ can also add `libpipewire-0.3-dev libdecor-0-dev` to that command line.
Fedora 35, all available features enabled:
sudo yum install gcc git-core make cmake autoconf automake libtool \
alsa-lib-devel pulseaudio-libs-devel nas-devel pipewire-devel \
libX11-devel libXext-devel libXrandr-devel libXcursor-devel libXfixes-devel \
libXi-devel libXScrnSaver-devel dbus-devel ibus-devel fcitx-devel \
systemd-devel mesa-libGL-devel libxkbcommon-devel mesa-libGLES-devel \
mesa-libEGL-devel vulkan-devel wayland-devel wayland-protocols-devel \
libdrm-devel mesa-libgbm-devel libusb-devel libdecor-devel \
libsamplerate-devel pipewire-jack-audio-connection-kit-devel \
NOTES:
- This includes all the audio targets except arts and esd, because Ubuntu
(and/or Debian) pulled their packages, but in theory SDL still supports them.
The sndio audio target is also unavailable on Fedora.
- libsamplerate0-dev lets SDL optionally link to libresamplerate at runtime
for higher-quality audio resampling. SDL will work without it if the library
is missing, so it's safe to build in support even if the end user doesn't
have this library installed.
- DirectFB isn't included because the configure script (currently) fails to find
it at all. You can do "sudo apt-get install libdirectfb-dev" and fix the
configure script to include DirectFB support. Send patches. :)
Joystick does not work
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you compiled or are using a version of SDL with udev support (and you should!)
there's a few issues that may cause SDL to fail to detect your joystick. To
debug this, start by installing the evtest utility. On Ubuntu/Debian:
sudo apt-get install evtest
Then run:
sudo evtest
You'll hopefully see your joystick listed along with a name like "/dev/input/eventXX"
Now run:
cat /dev/input/event/XX
If you get a permission error, you need to set a udev rule to change the mode of
your device (see below)
Also, try:
sudo udevadm info --query=all --name=input/eventXX
If you see a line stating ID_INPUT_JOYSTICK=1, great, if you don't see it,
you need to set up an udev rule to force this variable.
A combined rule for the Saitek Pro Flight Rudder Pedals to fix both issues looks
like:
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0763", ATTRS{idVendor}=="06a3", MODE="0666", ENV{ID_INPUT_JOYSTICK}="1"
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0764", ATTRS{idVendor}=="06a3", MODE="0666", ENV{ID_INPUT_JOYSTICK}="1"
You can set up similar rules for your device by changing the values listed in
idProduct and idVendor. To obtain these values, try:
sudo udevadm info -a --name=input/eventXX | grep idVendor
sudo udevadm info -a --name=input/eventXX | grep idProduct
If multiple values come up for each of these, the one you want is the first one of each.
On other systems which ship with an older udev (such as CentOS), you may need
to set up a rule such as:
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ENV{ID_CLASS}=="joystick", ENV{ID_INPUT_JOYSTICK}="1"

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# Mac OS X (aka macOS).
These instructions are for people using Apple's Mac OS X (pronounced
"ten"), which in newer versions is just referred to as "macOS".
From the developer's point of view, macOS is a sort of hybrid Mac and
Unix system, and you have the option of using either traditional
command line tools or Apple's IDE Xcode.
# Command Line Build
To build SDL using the command line, use the standard configure and make
process:
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
../configure
make
sudo make install
```
CMake is also known to work, although it continues to be a work in progress:
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
make
sudo make install
```
You can also build SDL as a Universal library (a single binary for both
64-bit Intel and ARM architectures), by using the build-scripts/clang-fat.sh
script.
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
CC=$PWD/../build-scripts/clang-fat.sh ../configure
make
sudo make install
```
This script builds SDL with 10.9 ABI compatibility on 64-bit Intel and 11.0
ABI compatibility on ARM64 architectures. For best compatibility you
should compile your application the same way.
Please note that building SDL requires at least Xcode 6 and the 10.9 SDK.
PowerPC support for macOS has been officially dropped as of SDL 2.0.2.
32-bit Intel and macOS 10.8 runtime support has been officially dropped as
of SDL 2.24.0.
To use the library once it's built, you essential have two possibilities:
use the traditional autoconf/automake/make method, or use Xcode.
# Caveats for using SDL with Mac OS X
If you register your own NSApplicationDelegate (using [NSApp setDelegate:]),
SDL will not register its own. This means that SDL will not terminate using
SDL_Quit if it receives a termination request, it will terminate like a
normal app, and it will not send a SDL_DROPFILE when you request to open a
file with the app. To solve these issues, put the following code in your
NSApplicationDelegate implementation:
```objc
- (NSApplicationTerminateReply)applicationShouldTerminate:(NSApplication *)sender
{
if (SDL_GetEventState(SDL_QUIT) == SDL_ENABLE) {
SDL_Event event;
event.type = SDL_QUIT;
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
}
return NSTerminateCancel;
}
- (BOOL)application:(NSApplication *)theApplication openFile:(NSString *)filename
{
if (SDL_GetEventState(SDL_DROPFILE) == SDL_ENABLE) {
SDL_Event event;
event.type = SDL_DROPFILE;
event.drop.file = SDL_strdup([filename UTF8String]);
return (SDL_PushEvent(&event) > 0);
}
return NO;
}
```
# Using the Simple DirectMedia Layer with a traditional Makefile
An existing autoconf/automake build system for your SDL app has good chances
to work almost unchanged on macOS. However, to produce a "real" Mac binary
that you can distribute to users, you need to put the generated binary into a
so called "bundle", which is basically a fancy folder with a name like
"MyCoolGame.app".
To get this build automatically, add something like the following rule to
your Makefile.am:
```make
bundle_contents = APP_NAME.app/Contents
APP_NAME_bundle: EXE_NAME
mkdir -p $(bundle_contents)/MacOS
mkdir -p $(bundle_contents)/Resources
echo "APPL????" > $(bundle_contents)/PkgInfo
$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $< $(bundle_contents)/MacOS/
```
You should replace `EXE_NAME` with the name of the executable. `APP_NAME` is
what will be visible to the user in the Finder. Usually it will be the same
as `EXE_NAME` but capitalized. E.g. if `EXE_NAME` is "testgame" then `APP_NAME`
usually is "TestGame". You might also want to use `@PACKAGE@` to use the
package name as specified in your configure.ac file.
If your project builds more than one application, you will have to do a bit
more. For each of your target applications, you need a separate rule.
If you want the created bundles to be installed, you may want to add this
rule to your Makefile.am:
```make
install-exec-hook: APP_NAME_bundle
rm -rf $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/Applications/APP_NAME.app
mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/Applications/
cp -r $< /$(DESTDIR)$(prefix)Applications/
```
This rule takes the Bundle created by the rule from step 3 and installs them
into "$(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/Applications/".
Again, if you want to install multiple applications, you will have to augment
the make rule accordingly.
But beware! That is only part of the story! With the above, you end up with
a barebones .app bundle, which is double-clickable from the Finder. But
there are some more things you should do before shipping your product...
1. The bundle right now probably is dynamically linked against SDL. That
means that when you copy it to another computer, *it will not run*,
unless you also install SDL on that other computer. A good solution
for this dilemma is to static link against SDL. On OS X, you can
achieve that by linking against the libraries listed by
```bash
sdl-config --static-libs
```
instead of those listed by
```bash
sdl-config --libs
```
Depending on how exactly SDL is integrated into your build systems, the
way to achieve that varies, so I won't describe it here in detail
2. Add an 'Info.plist' to your application. That is a special XML file which
contains some meta-information about your application (like some copyright
information, the version of your app, the name of an optional icon file,
and other things). Part of that information is displayed by the Finder
when you click on the .app, or if you look at the "Get Info" window.
More information about Info.plist files can be found on Apple's homepage.
As a final remark, let me add that I use some of the techniques (and some
variations of them) in [Exult](https://github.com/exult/exult) and
[ScummVM](https://github.com/scummvm/scummvm); both are available in source on
the net, so feel free to take a peek at them for inspiration!
# Using the Simple DirectMedia Layer with Xcode
These instructions are for using Apple's Xcode IDE to build SDL applications.
## First steps
The first thing to do is to unpack the Xcode.tar.gz archive in the
top level SDL directory (where the Xcode.tar.gz archive resides).
Because Stuffit Expander will unpack the archive into a subdirectory,
you should unpack the archive manually from the command line:
```bash
cd [path_to_SDL_source]
tar zxf Xcode.tar.gz
```
This will create a new folder called Xcode, which you can browse
normally from the Finder.
## Building the Framework
The SDL Library is packaged as a framework bundle, an organized
relocatable folder hierarchy of executable code, interface headers,
and additional resources. For practical purposes, you can think of a
framework as a more user and system-friendly shared library, whose library
file behaves more or less like a standard UNIX shared library.
To build the framework, simply open the framework project and build it.
By default, the framework bundle "SDL.framework" is installed in
/Library/Frameworks. Therefore, the testers and project stationary expect
it to be located there. However, it will function the same in any of the
following locations:
* ~/Library/Frameworks
* /Local/Library/Frameworks
* /System/Library/Frameworks
## Build Options
There are two "Build Styles" (See the "Targets" tab) for SDL.
"Deployment" should be used if you aren't tweaking the SDL library.
"Development" should be used to debug SDL apps or the library itself.
## Building the Testers
Open the SDLTest project and build away!
## Using the Project Stationary
Copy the stationary to the indicated folders to access it from
the "New Project" and "Add target" menus. What could be easier?
## Setting up a new project by hand
Some of you won't want to use the Stationary so I'll give some tips:
(this is accurate as of Xcode 12.5.)
* Click "File" -> "New" -> "Project...
* Choose "macOS" and then "App" from the "Application" section.
* Fill out the options in the next window. User interface is "XIB" and
Language is "Objective-C".
* Remove "main.m" from your project
* Remove "MainMenu.xib" from your project
* Remove "AppDelegates.*" from your project
* Add "\$(HOME)/Library/Frameworks/SDL.framework/Headers" to include path
* Add "\$(HOME)/Library/Frameworks" to the frameworks search path
* Add "-framework SDL -framework Foundation -framework AppKit" to "OTHER_LDFLAGS"
* Add your files
* Clean and build
## Building from command line
Use `xcode-build` in the same directory as your .pbxproj file
## Running your app
You can send command line args to your app by either invoking it from
the command line (in *.app/Contents/MacOS) or by entering them in the
Executables" panel of the target settings.
# Implementation Notes
Some things that may be of interest about how it all works...
## Working directory
In SDL 1.2, the working directory of your SDL app is by default set to its
parent, but this is no longer the case in SDL 2.0. SDL2 does change the
working directory, which means it'll be whatever the command line prompt
that launched the program was using, or if launched by double-clicking in
the finger, it will be "/", the _root of the filesystem_. Plan accordingly!
You can use SDL_GetBasePath() to find where the program is running from and
chdir() there directly.
## You have a Cocoa App!
Your SDL app is essentially a Cocoa application. When your app
starts up and the libraries finish loading, a Cocoa procedure is called,
which sets up the working directory and calls your main() method.
You are free to modify your Cocoa app with generally no consequence
to SDL. You cannot, however, easily change the SDL window itself.
Functionality may be added in the future to help this.
# Bug reports
Bugs are tracked at [the GitHub issue tracker](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/).
Please feel free to report bugs there!

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# Nintendo 3DS
SDL port for the Nintendo 3DS [Homebrew toolchain](https://devkitpro.org/) contributed by:
- [Pierre Wendling](https://github.com/FtZPetruska)
Credits to:
- The awesome people who ported SDL to other homebrew platforms.
- The Devkitpro team for making all the tools necessary to achieve this.
## Building
To build for the Nintendo 3DS, make sure you have devkitARM and cmake installed and run:
```bash
cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="$DEVKITPRO/cmake/3DS.cmake" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build build
cmake --install build
```
## Notes
- Currently only software rendering is supported.
- SDL2main should be used to ensure ROMFS is enabled.
- By default, the extra L2 cache and higher clock speeds of the New 2/3DS lineup are enabled. If you wish to turn it off, use `osSetSpeedupEnable(false)` in your main function.
- `SDL_GetBasePath` returns the romfs root instead of the executable's directory.
- The Nintendo 3DS uses a cooperative threading model on a single core, meaning a thread will never yield unless done manually through the `SDL_Delay` functions, or blocking waits (`SDL_LockMutex`, `SDL_SemWait`, `SDL_CondWait`, `SDL_WaitThread`). To avoid starving other threads, `SDL_SemTryWait` and `SDL_SemWaitTimeout` will yield if they fail to acquire the semaphore, see https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/pull/6776 for more information.

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Native Client
================================================================================
Requirements:
* Native Client SDK (https://developer.chrome.com/native-client),
(tested with Pepper version 33 or higher).
The SDL backend for Chrome's Native Client has been tested only with the PNaCl
toolchain, which generates binaries designed to run on ARM and x86_32/64
platforms. This does not mean it won't work with the other toolchains!
================================================================================
Building SDL for NaCl
================================================================================
Set up the right environment variables (see naclbuild.sh), then configure SDL with:
configure --host=pnacl --prefix some/install/destination
Then "make".
As an example of how to create a deployable app a Makefile project is provided
in test/nacl/Makefile, which includes some monkey patching of the common.mk file
provided by NaCl, without which linking properly to SDL won't work (the search
path can't be modified externally, so the linker won't find SDL's binaries unless
you dump them into the SDK path, which is inconvenient).
Also provided in test/nacl is the required support file, such as index.html,
manifest.json, etc.
SDL apps for NaCl run on a worker thread using the ppapi_simple infrastructure.
This allows for blocking calls on all the relevant systems (OpenGL ES, filesystem),
hiding the asynchronous nature of the browser behind the scenes...which is not the
same as making it disappear!
================================================================================
Running tests
================================================================================
Due to the nature of NaCl programs, building and running SDL tests is not as
straightforward as one would hope. The script naclbuild.sh in build-scripts
automates the process and should serve as a guide for users of SDL trying to build
their own applications.
Basic usage:
./naclbuild.sh path/to/pepper/toolchain (i.e. ~/naclsdk/pepper_35)
This will build testgles2.c by default.
If you want to build a different test, for example testrendercopyex.c:
SOURCES=~/sdl/SDL/test/testrendercopyex.c ./naclbuild.sh ~/naclsdk/pepper_35
Once the build finishes, you have to serve the contents with a web server (the
script will give you instructions on how to do that with Python).
================================================================================
RWops and nacl_io
================================================================================
SDL_RWops work transparently with nacl_io. Two functions control the mount points:
int mount(const char* source, const char* target,
const char* filesystemtype,
unsigned long mountflags, const void *data);
int umount(const char *target);
For convenience, SDL will by default mount an httpfs tree at / before calling
the app's main function. Such setting can be overridden by calling:
umount("/");
And then mounting a different filesystem at /
It's important to consider that the asynchronous nature of file operations on a
browser is hidden from the application, effectively providing the developer with
a set of blocking file operations just like you get in a regular desktop
environment, which eases the job of porting to Native Client, but also introduces
a set of challenges of its own, in particular when big file sizes and slow
connections are involved.
For more information on how nacl_io and mount points work, see:
https://developer.chrome.com/native-client/devguide/coding/nacl_io
https://src.chromium.org/chrome/trunk/src/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/nacl_io.h
To be able to save into the directory "/save/" (like backup of game) :
mount("", "/save", "html5fs", 0, "type=PERSISTENT");
And add to manifest.json :
"permissions": [
"unlimitedStorage"
]
================================================================================
TODO - Known Issues
================================================================================
* Testing of all systems with a real application (something other than SDL's tests)
* Key events don't seem to work properly

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Nokia N-Gage
============
SDL2 port for Symbian S60v1 and v2 with a main focus on the Nokia N-Gage
(Classic and QD) by [Michael Fitzmayer](https://github.com/mupfdev).
Compiling
---------
SDL is part of the [N-Gage SDK.](https://github.com/ngagesdk) project.
The library is included in the
[toolchain](https://github.com/ngagesdk/ngage-toolchain) as a
sub-module.
A complete example project based on SDL2 can be found in the GitHub
account of the SDK: [Wordle](https://github.com/ngagesdk/wordle).
Current level of implementation
-------------------------------
The video driver currently provides full screen video support with
keyboard input.
At the moment only the software renderer works.
Audio is not yet implemented.
Acknowledgements
----------------
Thanks to Hannu Viitala, Kimmo Kinnunen and Markus Mertama for the
valuable insight into Symbian programming. Without the SDL 1.2 port
which was specially developed for CDoom (Doom for the Nokia 9210), this
adaptation would not have been possible.
I would like to thank my friends
[Razvan](https://twitter.com/bewarerazvan) and [Dan
Whelan](https://danwhelan.ie/), for their continuous support. Without
you and the [N-Gage community](https://discord.gg/dbUzqJ26vs), I would
have lost my patience long ago.
Last but not least, I would like to thank the development team of
[EKA2L1](https://12z1.com/) (an experimental Symbian OS emulator). Your
patience and support in troubleshooting helped me a lot.

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Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 for OS/2 & eComStation
================================================================================
SDL port for OS/2, authored by Andrey Vasilkin <digi@os2.snc.ru>, 2016
OpenGL not supported by this port.
Additional optional environment variables:
SDL_AUDIO_SHARE
Values: 0 or 1, default is 0
Initializes the device as shareable or exclusively acquired.
SDL_VIDEODRIVER
Values: DIVE or VMAN, default is DIVE
Use video subsystem: Direct interface video extensions (DIVE) or
Video Manager (VMAN).
You may significantly increase video output speed with OS4 kernel and patched
files vman.dll and dive.dll or with latest versions of ACPI support and video
driver Panorama.
Latest versions of OS/4 kernel:
http://gus.biysk.ru/os4/
(Info: https://www.os2world.com/wiki/index.php/Phoenix_OS/4)
Patched files vman.dll and dive.dll:
http://gus.biysk.ru/os4/test/pached_dll/PATCHED_DLL.RAR
Compiling:
----------
Open Watcom 1.9 or newer is tested. For the new Open Watcom V2 fork, see:
https://github.com/open-watcom/ and https://open-watcom.github.io
WATCOM environment variable must to be set to the Open Watcom install
directory. To compile, run: wmake -f Makefile.os2
Installing:
-----------
- eComStation:
If you have previously installed SDL2, make a Backup copy of SDL2.dll
located in D:\ecs\dll (where D: is disk on which installed eComStation).
Stop all programs running with SDL2. Copy SDL2.dll to D:\ecs\dll
- OS/2:
Copy SDL2.dll to any directory on your LIBPATH. If you have a previous
version installed, close all SDL2 applications before replacing the old
copy. Also make sure that any other older versions of DLLs are removed
from your system.
Joysticks in SDL2:
------------------
The joystick code in SDL2 is a direct forward-port from the SDL-1.2 version.
Here is the original documentation from SDL-1.2:
The Joystick detection only works for standard joysticks (2 buttons, 2 axes
and the like). Therefore, if you use a non-standard joystick, you should
specify its features in the SDL_OS2_JOYSTICK environment variable in a batch
file or CONFIG.SYS, so SDL applications can provide full capability to your
device. The syntax is:
SET SDL_OS2_JOYSTICK=[JOYSTICK_NAME] [AXES] [BUTTONS] [HATS] [BALLS]
So, it you have a Gravis GamePad with 4 axes, 2 buttons, 2 hats and 0 balls,
the line should be:
SET SDL_OS2_JOYSTICK=Gravis_GamePad 4 2 2 0
If you want to add spaces in your joystick name, just surround it with
quotes or double-quotes:
SET SDL_OS2_JOYSTICK='Gravis GamePad' 4 2 2 0
or
SET SDL_OS2_JOYSTICK="Gravis GamePad" 4 2 2 0
Note however that Balls and Hats are not supported under OS/2, and the
value will be ignored... but it is wise to define these correctly because
in the future those can be supported.
Also the number of buttons is limited to 2 when using two joysticks,
4 when using one joystick with 4 axes, 6 when using a joystick with 3 axes
and 8 when using a joystick with 2 axes. Notice however these are limitations
of the Joystick Port hardware, not OS/2.

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Pandora
=====================================================================
( http://openpandora.org/ )
- A pandora specific video driver was written to allow SDL 2.0 with OpenGL ES
support to work on the pandora under the framebuffer. This driver do not have
input support for now, so if you use it you will have to add your own control code.
The video driver name is "pandora" so if you have problem running it from
the framebuffer, try to set the following variable before starting your application :
"export SDL_VIDEODRIVER=pandora"
- OpenGL ES support was added to the x11 driver, so it's working like the normal
x11 driver one with OpenGLX support, with SDL input event's etc..
David Carré (Cpasjuste)
cpasjuste@gmail.com

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Platforms
=========
We maintain the list of supported platforms on our wiki now, and how to
build and install SDL for those platforms:
https://wiki.libsdl.org/Installation

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Porting
=======
* Porting To A New Platform
The first thing you have to do when porting to a new platform, is look at
include/SDL_platform.h and create an entry there for your operating system.
The standard format is "__PLATFORM__", where PLATFORM is the name of the OS.
Ideally SDL_platform.h will be able to auto-detect the system it's building
on based on C preprocessor symbols.
There are two basic ways of building SDL at the moment:
1. The "UNIX" way: ./configure; make; make install
If you have a GNUish system, then you might try this. Edit configure.ac,
take a look at the large section labelled:
"Set up the configuration based on the host platform!"
Add a section for your platform, and then re-run autogen.sh and build!
2. Using an IDE:
If you're using an IDE or other non-configure build system, you'll probably
want to create a custom SDL_config.h for your platform. Edit SDL_config.h,
add a section for your platform, and create a custom SDL_config_{platform}.h,
based on SDL_config_minimal.h and SDL_config.h.in
Add the top level include directory to the header search path, and then add
the following sources to the project:
src/*.c
src/atomic/*.c
src/audio/*.c
src/cpuinfo/*.c
src/events/*.c
src/file/*.c
src/haptic/*.c
src/joystick/*.c
src/power/*.c
src/render/*.c
src/render/software/*.c
src/stdlib/*.c
src/thread/*.c
src/timer/*.c
src/video/*.c
src/audio/disk/*.c
src/audio/dummy/*.c
src/filesystem/dummy/*.c
src/video/dummy/*.c
src/haptic/dummy/*.c
src/joystick/dummy/*.c
src/main/dummy/*.c
src/thread/generic/*.c
src/timer/dummy/*.c
src/loadso/dummy/*.c
Once you have a working library without any drivers, you can go back to each
of the major subsystems and start implementing drivers for your platform.
If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask on the SDL mailing list:
http://www.libsdl.org/mailing-list.php
Enjoy!
Sam Lantinga (slouken@libsdl.org)

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PS2
======
SDL2 port for the Sony Playstation 2 contributed by:
- Francisco Javier Trujillo Mata
Credit to
- The guys that ported SDL to PSP & Vita because I'm taking them as reference.
- David G. F. for helping me with several issues and tests.
## Building
To build SDL2 library for the PS2, make sure you have the latest PS2Dev status and run:
```bash
cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$PS2DEV/ps2sdk/ps2dev.cmake
cmake --build build
cmake --install build
```
## Hints
The PS2 port has a special Hint for having a dynamic VSYNC. The Hint is `SDL_HINT_PS2_DYNAMIC_VSYNC`.
If you enabled the dynamic vsync having as well `SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC` enabled, then if the app is not able to run at 60 FPS, automatically the `vsync` will be disabled having a better performance, instead of droping FPS to 30.
## Notes
If you trying to debug a SDL app through [ps2client](https://github.com/ps2dev/ps2client) you need to avoid the IOP reset, otherwise you will lose the conection with your computer.
So to avoid the reset of the IOP CPU, you need to call to the macro `SDL_PS2_SKIP_IOP_RESET();`.
It could be something similar as:
```c
.....
SDL_PS2_SKIP_IOP_RESET();
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
.....
```
For a release binary is recommendable to reset the IOP always.
Remember to do a clean compilation everytime you enable or disable the `SDL_PS2_SKIP_IOP_RESET` otherwise the change won't be reflected.
## Getting PS2 Dev
[Installing PS2 Dev](https://github.com/ps2dev/ps2dev)
## Running on PCSX2 Emulator
[PCSX2](https://github.com/PCSX2/pcsx2)
[More PCSX2 information](https://pcsx2.net/)
## To Do
- PS2 Screen Keyboard
- Dialogs
- Others

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PSP
======
SDL2 port for the Sony PSP contributed by:
- Captian Lex
- Francisco Javier Trujillo Mata
- Wouter Wijsman
Credit to
Marcus R.Brown,Jim Paris,Matthew H for the original SDL 1.2 for PSP
Geecko for his PSP GU lib "Glib2d"
## Building
To build SDL2 library for the PSP, make sure you have the latest PSPDev status and run:
```bash
cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$PSPDEV/psp/share/pspdev.cmake
cmake --build build
cmake --install build
```
## Getting PSP Dev
[Installing PSP Dev](https://github.com/pspdev/pspdev)
## Running on PPSSPP Emulator
[PPSSPP](https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp)
[Build Instructions](https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp/wiki/Build-instructions)
## Compiling a HelloWorld
[PSP Hello World](https://psp-dev.org/doku.php?id=tutorial:hello_world)
## To Do
- PSP Screen Keyboard
- Dialogs

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Raspberry Pi
============
Requirements:
Raspbian (other Linux distros may work as well).
Features
--------
* Works without X11
* Hardware accelerated OpenGL ES 2.x
* Sound via ALSA
* Input (mouse/keyboard/joystick) via EVDEV
* Hotplugging of input devices via UDEV
Raspbian Build Dependencies
---------------------------
sudo apt-get install libudev-dev libasound2-dev libdbus-1-dev
You also need the VideoCore binary stuff that ships in /opt/vc for EGL and
OpenGL ES 2.x, it usually comes pre-installed, but in any case:
sudo apt-get install libraspberrypi0 libraspberrypi-bin libraspberrypi-dev
NEON
----
If your Pi has NEON support, make sure you add -mfpu=neon to your CFLAGS so
that SDL will select some otherwise-disabled highly-optimized code. The
original Pi units don't have NEON, the Pi2 probably does, and the Pi3
definitely does.
Cross compiling from x86 Linux
------------------------------
To cross compile SDL for Raspbian from your desktop machine, you'll need a
Raspbian system root and the cross compilation tools. We'll assume these tools
will be placed in /opt/rpi-tools
sudo git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/tools /opt/rpi-tools
You'll also need a Raspbian binary image.
Get it from: http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_latest
After unzipping, you'll get file with a name like: "<date>-wheezy-raspbian.img"
Let's assume the sysroot will be built in /opt/rpi-sysroot.
export SYSROOT=/opt/rpi-sysroot
sudo kpartx -a -v <path_to_raspbian_image>.img
sudo mount -o loop /dev/mapper/loop0p2 /mnt
sudo cp -r /mnt $SYSROOT
sudo apt-get install qemu binfmt-support qemu-user-static
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $SYSROOT/usr/bin
sudo mount --bind /dev $SYSROOT/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc $SYSROOT/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys $SYSROOT/sys
Now, before chrooting into the ARM sysroot, you'll need to apply a workaround,
edit $SYSROOT/etc/ld.so.preload and comment out all lines in it.
sudo chroot $SYSROOT
apt-get install libudev-dev libasound2-dev libdbus-1-dev libraspberrypi0 libraspberrypi-bin libraspberrypi-dev libx11-dev libxext-dev libxrandr-dev libxcursor-dev libxi-dev libxss-dev
exit
sudo umount $SYSROOT/dev
sudo umount $SYSROOT/proc
sudo umount $SYSROOT/sys
sudo umount /mnt
There's one more fix required, as the libdl.so symlink uses an absolute path
which doesn't quite work in our setup.
sudo rm -rf $SYSROOT/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so
sudo ln -s ../../../lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so.2 $SYSROOT/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so
The final step is compiling SDL itself.
export CC="/opt/rpi-tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc --sysroot=$SYSROOT -I$SYSROOT/opt/vc/include -I$SYSROOT/usr/include -I$SYSROOT/opt/vc/include/interface/vcos/pthreads -I$SYSROOT/opt/vc/include/interface/vmcs_host/linux"
cd <SDL SOURCE>
mkdir -p build;cd build
LDFLAGS="-L$SYSROOT/opt/vc/lib" ../configure --with-sysroot=$SYSROOT --host=arm-raspberry-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=$PWD/rpi-sdl2-installed --disable-pulseaudio --disable-esd
make
make install
To be able to deploy this to /usr/local in the Raspbian system you need to fix up a few paths:
perl -w -pi -e "s#$PWD/rpi-sdl2-installed#/usr/local#g;" ./rpi-sdl2-installed/lib/libSDL2.la ./rpi-sdl2-installed/lib/pkgconfig/sdl2.pc ./rpi-sdl2-installed/bin/sdl2-config
Apps don't work or poor video/audio performance
-----------------------------------------------
If you get sound problems, buffer underruns, etc, run "sudo rpi-update" to
update the RPi's firmware. Note that doing so will fix these problems, but it
will also render the CMA - Dynamic Memory Split functionality useless.
Also, by default the Raspbian distro configures the GPU RAM at 64MB, this is too
low in general, specially if a 1080p TV is hooked up.
See here how to configure this setting: http://elinux.org/RPiconfig
Using a fixed gpu_mem=128 is the best option (specially if you updated the
firmware, using CMA probably won't work, at least it's the current case).
No input
--------
Make sure you belong to the "input" group.
sudo usermod -aG input `whoami`
No HDMI Audio
-------------
If you notice that ALSA works but there's no audio over HDMI, try adding:
hdmi_drive=2
to your config.txt file and reboot.
Reference: http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=5062
Text Input API support
----------------------
The Text Input API is supported, with translation of scan codes done via the
kernel symbol tables. For this to work, SDL needs access to a valid console.
If you notice there's no SDL_TEXTINPUT message being emitted, double check that
your app has read access to one of the following:
* /proc/self/fd/0
* /dev/tty
* /dev/tty[0...6]
* /dev/vc/0
* /dev/console
This is usually not a problem if you run from the physical terminal (as opposed
to running from a pseudo terminal, such as via SSH). If running from a PTS, a
quick workaround is to run your app as root or add yourself to the tty group,
then re-login to the system.
sudo usermod -aG tty `whoami`
The keyboard layout used by SDL is the same as the one the kernel uses.
To configure the layout on Raspbian:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
To configure the locale, which controls which keys are interpreted as letters,
this determining the CAPS LOCK behavior:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
OpenGL problems
---------------
If you have desktop OpenGL headers installed at build time in your RPi or cross
compilation environment, support for it will be built in. However, the chipset
does not actually have support for it, which causes issues in certain SDL apps
since the presence of OpenGL support supersedes the ES/ES2 variants.
The workaround is to disable OpenGL at configuration time:
./configure --disable-video-opengl
Or if the application uses the Render functions, you can use the SDL_RENDER_DRIVER
environment variable:
export SDL_RENDER_DRIVER=opengles2
Notes
-----
* When launching apps remotely (via SSH), SDL can prevent local keystrokes from
leaking into the console only if it has root privileges. Launching apps locally
does not suffer from this issue.

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RISC OS
=======
Requirements:
* RISC OS 3.5 or later.
* [SharedUnixLibrary](http://www.riscos.info/packages/LibraryDetails.html#SharedUnixLibraryarm).
* [DigitalRenderer](http://www.riscos.info/packages/LibraryDetails.html#DRendererarm), for audio support.
* [Iconv](http://www.netsurf-browser.org/projects/iconv/), for `SDL_iconv` and related functions.
Compiling:
----------
Currently, SDL2 for RISC OS only supports compiling with GCCSDK under Linux. Both the autoconf and CMake build systems are supported.
The following commands can be used to build SDL2 for RISC OS using autoconf:
./configure --host=arm-unknown-riscos --prefix=$GCCSDK_INSTALL_ENV --disable-gcc-atomics
make
make install
The following commands can be used to build SDL2 for RISC OS using CMake:
cmake -Bbuild-riscos -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$GCCSDK_INSTALL_ENV/toolchain-riscos.cmake -DRISCOS=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$GCCSDK_INSTALL_ENV -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DSDL_GCC_ATOMICS=OFF
cmake --build build-riscos
cmake --build build-riscos --target install
Current level of implementation
-------------------------------
The video driver currently provides full screen video support with keyboard and mouse input. Windowed mode is not yet supported, but is planned in the future. Only software rendering is supported.
The filesystem APIs return either Unix-style paths or RISC OS-style paths based on the value of the `__riscosify_control` symbol, as is standard for UnixLib functions.
The audio, loadso, thread and timer APIs are currently provided by UnixLib.
GCC atomics are currently broken on some platforms, meaning it's currently necessary to compile with `--disable-gcc-atomics` using autotools or `-DSDL_GCC_ATOMICS=OFF` using CMake.
The joystick, locale and power APIs are not yet implemented.

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Touch
===========================================================================
System Specific Notes
===========================================================================
Linux:
The linux touch system is currently based off event streams, and proc/bus/devices. The active user must be given permissions to read /dev/input/TOUCHDEVICE, where TOUCHDEVICE is the event stream for your device. Currently only Wacom tablets are supported. If you have an unsupported tablet contact me at jim.tla+sdl_touch@gmail.com and I will help you get support for it.
Mac:
The Mac and iPhone APIs are pretty. If your touch device supports them then you'll be fine. If it doesn't, then there isn't much we can do.
iPhone:
Works out of box.
Windows:
Unfortunately there is no windows support as of yet. Support for Windows 7 is planned, but we currently have no way to test. If you have a Windows 7 WM_TOUCH supported device, and are willing to help test please contact me at jim.tla+sdl_touch@gmail.com
===========================================================================
Events
===========================================================================
SDL_FINGERDOWN:
Sent when a finger (or stylus) is placed on a touch device.
Fields:
* event.tfinger.touchId - the Id of the touch device.
* event.tfinger.fingerId - the Id of the finger which just went down.
* event.tfinger.x - the x coordinate of the touch (0..1)
* event.tfinger.y - the y coordinate of the touch (0..1)
* event.tfinger.pressure - the pressure of the touch (0..1)
SDL_FINGERMOTION:
Sent when a finger (or stylus) is moved on the touch device.
Fields:
Same as SDL_FINGERDOWN but with additional:
* event.tfinger.dx - change in x coordinate during this motion event.
* event.tfinger.dy - change in y coordinate during this motion event.
SDL_FINGERUP:
Sent when a finger (or stylus) is lifted from the touch device.
Fields:
Same as SDL_FINGERDOWN.
===========================================================================
Functions
===========================================================================
SDL provides the ability to access the underlying SDL_Finger structures.
These structures should _never_ be modified.
The following functions are included from SDL_touch.h
To get a SDL_TouchID call SDL_GetTouchDevice(int index).
This returns a SDL_TouchID.
IMPORTANT: If the touch has been removed, or there is no touch with the given index, SDL_GetTouchDevice() will return 0. Be sure to check for this!
The number of touch devices can be queried with SDL_GetNumTouchDevices().
A SDL_TouchID may be used to get pointers to SDL_Finger.
SDL_GetNumTouchFingers(touchID) may be used to get the number of fingers currently down on the device.
The most common reason to access SDL_Finger is to query the fingers outside the event. In most cases accessing the fingers is using the event. This would be accomplished by code like the following:
float x = event.tfinger.x;
float y = event.tfinger.y;
To get a SDL_Finger, call SDL_GetTouchFinger(SDL_TouchID touchID, int index), where touchID is a SDL_TouchID, and index is the requested finger.
This returns a SDL_Finger *, or NULL if the finger does not exist, or has been removed.
A SDL_Finger is guaranteed to be persistent for the duration of a touch, but it will be de-allocated as soon as the finger is removed. This occurs when the SDL_FINGERUP event is _added_ to the event queue, and thus _before_ the SDL_FINGERUP event is polled.
As a result, be very careful to check for NULL return values.
A SDL_Finger has the following fields:
* x, y:
The current coordinates of the touch.
* pressure:
The pressure of the touch.
===========================================================================
Notes
===========================================================================
For a complete example see test/testgesture.c
Please direct questions/comments to:
jim.tla+sdl_touch@gmail.com
(original author, API was changed since)

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# Versioning
## Since 2.23.0
SDL follows an "odd/even" versioning policy, similar to GLib, GTK, Flatpak
and older versions of the Linux kernel:
* The major version (first part) increases when backwards compatibility
is broken, which will happen infrequently.
* If the minor version (second part) is divisible by 2
(for example 2.24.x, 2.26.x), this indicates a version of SDL that
is believed to be stable and suitable for production use.
* In stable releases, the patchlevel or micro version (third part)
indicates bugfix releases. Bugfix releases should not add or
remove ABI, so the ".0" release (for example 2.24.0) should be
forwards-compatible with all the bugfix releases from the
same cycle (for example 2.24.1).
* The minor version increases when new API or ABI is added, or when
other significant changes are made. Newer minor versions are
backwards-compatible, but not fully forwards-compatible.
For example, programs built against SDL 2.24.x should work fine
with SDL 2.26.x, but programs built against SDL 2.26.x will not
necessarily work with 2.24.x.
* If the minor version (second part) is not divisible by 2
(for example 2.23.x, 2.25.x), this indicates a development prerelease
of SDL that is not suitable for stable software distributions.
Use with caution.
* The patchlevel or micro version (third part) increases with
each prerelease.
* Each prerelease might add new API and/or ABI.
* Prereleases are backwards-compatible with older stable branches.
For example, 2.25.x will be backwards-compatible with 2.24.x.
* Prereleases are not guaranteed to be backwards-compatible with
each other. For example, new API or ABI added in 2.25.1
might be removed or changed in 2.25.2.
If this would be a problem for you, please do not use prereleases.
* Only upgrade to a prerelease if you can guarantee that you will
promptly upgrade to the stable release that follows it.
For example, do not upgrade to 2.23.x unless you will be able to
upgrade to 2.24.0 when it becomes available.
* Software distributions that have a freeze policy (in particular Linux
distributions with a release cycle, such as Debian and Fedora)
should usually only package stable releases, and not prereleases.
## Before 2.23.0
Older versions of SDL followed a similar policy, but instead of the
odd/even rule applying to the minor version, it applied to the patchlevel
(micro version, third part). For example, 2.0.22 was a stable release
and 2.0.21 was a prerelease.

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Using SDL with Microsoft Visual C++
===================================
### by Lion Kimbro with additions by James Turk
You can either use the precompiled libraries from the [SDL](https://www.libsdl.org/download.php) web site, or you can build SDL
yourself.
### Building SDL
0. To build SDL, your machine must, at a minimum, have the DirectX9.0c SDK installed. It may or may not be retrievable from
the [Microsoft](https://www.microsoft.com) website, so you might need to locate it [online](https://duckduckgo.com/?q=directx9.0c+sdk+download&t=h_&ia=web).
_Editor's note: I've been able to successfully build SDL using Visual Studio 2019 **without** the DX9.0c SDK_
1. Open the Visual Studio solution file at `./VisualC/SDL.sln`.
2. Your IDE will likely prompt you to upgrade this solution file to whatever later version of the IDE you're using. In the `Retarget Projects` dialog,
all of the affected project files should be checked allowing you to use the latest `Windows SDK Version` you have installed, along with
the `Platform Toolset`.
If you choose *NOT* to upgrade to use the latest `Windows SDK Version` or `Platform Toolset`, then you'll need the `Visual Studio 2010 Platform Toolset`.
3. Build the `.dll` and `.lib` files by right clicking on each project in turn (Projects are listed in the _Workspace_
panel in the _FileView_ tab), and selecting `Build`.
You may get a few warnings, but you should not get any errors.
Later, we will refer to the following `.lib` and `.dll` files that have just been generated:
- `./VisualC/Win32/Debug/SDL2.dll` or `./VisualC/Win32/Release/SDL2.dll`
- `./VisualC/Win32/Debug/SDL2.lib` or `./VisualC/Win32/Release/SDL2.lib`
- `./VisualC/Win32/Debug/SDL2main.lib` or `./VisualC/Win32/Release/SDL2main.lib`
_Note for the `x64` versions, just replace `Win32` in the path with `x64`_
### Creating a Project with SDL
- Create a project as a `Win32 Application`.
- Create a C++ file for your project.
- Set the C runtime to `Multi-threaded DLL` in the menu:
`Project|Settings|C/C++ tab|Code Generation|Runtime Library `.
- Add the SDL `include` directory to your list of includes in the menu:
`Project|Settings|C/C++ tab|Preprocessor|Additional include directories `
*VC7 Specific: Instead of doing this, I find it easier to add the
include and library directories to the list that VC7 keeps. Do this by
selecting Tools|Options|Projects|VC++ Directories and under the "Show
Directories For:" dropbox select "Include Files", and click the "New
Directory Icon" and add the [SDLROOT]\\include directory (e.g. If you
installed to c:\\SDL\\ add c:\\SDL\\include). Proceed to change the
dropbox selection to "Library Files" and add [SDLROOT]\\lib.*
The "include directory" I am referring to is the `./include` folder.
Now we're going to use the files that we had created earlier in the *Build SDL* step.
Copy the following file into your Project directory:
- `SDL2.dll`
Add the following files to your project (It is not necessary to copy them to your project directory):
- `SDL2.lib`
- `SDL2main.lib`
To add them to your project, right click on your project, and select
`Add files to project`.
**Instead of adding the files to your project, it is more desirable to add them to the linker options: Project|Properties|Linker|Command Line
and type the names of the libraries to link with in the "Additional Options:" box. Note: This must be done for each build configuration
(e.g. Release,Debug).**
### Hello SDL2
Here's a sample SDL snippet to verify everything is setup in your IDE:
```
#include "SDL.h"
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
const int WIDTH = 640;
const int HEIGHT = 480;
SDL_Window* window = NULL;
SDL_Renderer* renderer = NULL;
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL2 Test", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, WIDTH, HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
```
### That's it!
I hope that this document has helped you get through the most difficult part of using the SDL: installing it.
Suggestions for improvements should be posted to the [Github Issues](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues).
### Credits
Thanks to [Paulus Esterhazy](mailto:pesterhazy@gmx.net), for the work on VC++ port.
This document was originally called "VisualC.txt", and was written by [Sam Lantinga](mailto:slouken@libsdl.org).
Later, it was converted to HTML and expanded into the document that you see today by [Lion Kimbro](mailto:snowlion@sprynet.com).
Minor Fixes and Visual C++ 7 Information (In Green) was added by [James Turk](mailto:james@conceptofzero.net)

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PS Vita
=======
SDL port for the Sony Playstation Vita and Sony Playstation TV
Credit to
* xerpi, cpasjuste and rsn8887 for initial (vita2d) port
* vitasdk/dolcesdk devs
* CBPS discord (Namely Graphene and SonicMastr)
Building
--------
To build for the PSVita, make sure you have vitasdk and cmake installed and run:
```
cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${VITASDK}/share/vita.toolchain.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build build
cmake --install build
```
Notes
-----
* gles1/gles2 support and renderers are disabled by default and can be enabled by configuring with `-DVIDEO_VITA_PVR=ON`
These renderers support 720p and 1080i resolutions. These can be specified with:
`SDL_setenv("VITA_RESOLUTION", "720", 1);` and `SDL_setenv("VITA_RESOLUTION", "1080", 1);`
* Desktop GL 1.X and 2.X support and renderers are also disabled by default and also can be enabled with `-DVIDEO_VITA_PVR=ON` as long as gl4es4vita is present in your SDK.
They support the same resolutions as the gles1/gles2 backends and require specifying `SDL_setenv("VITA_PVR_OGL", "1", 1);`
anytime before video subsystem initialization.
* gles2 support via PIB is disabled by default and can be enabled by configuring with `-DVIDEO_VITA_PIB=ON`
* By default SDL emits mouse events for touch events on every touchscreen.
Vita has two touchscreens, so it's recommended to use `SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_TOUCH_MOUSE_EVENTS, "0");` and handle touch events instead.
Individual touchscreens can be disabled with:
`SDL_setenv("VITA_DISABLE_TOUCH_FRONT", "1", 1);` and `SDL_setenv("VITA_DISABLE_TOUCH_BACK", "1", 1);`
* Support for L2/R2/R3/R3 buttons, haptic feedback and gamepad led only available on PSTV, or when using external ds4 gamepad on vita.

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WinCE
=====
Windows CE is no longer supported by SDL.
We have left the CE support in SDL 1.2 for those that must have it, and we
have support for Windows Phone 8 and WinRT in SDL2, as of SDL 2.0.3.
--ryan.

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# Windows
## LLVM and Intel C++ compiler support
SDL will build with the Visual Studio project files with LLVM-based compilers, such as the Intel oneAPI C++
compiler, but you'll have to manually add the "-msse3" command line option
to at least the SDL_audiocvt.c source file, and possibly others. This may
not be necessary if you build SDL with CMake instead of the included Visual
Studio solution.
Details are here: https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/5186
## OpenGL ES 2.x support
SDL has support for OpenGL ES 2.x under Windows via two alternative
implementations.
The most straightforward method consists in running your app in a system with
a graphic card paired with a relatively recent (as of November of 2013) driver
which supports the WGL_EXT_create_context_es2_profile extension. Vendors known
to ship said extension on Windows currently include nVidia and Intel.
The other method involves using the
[ANGLE library](https://code.google.com/p/angleproject/). If an OpenGL ES 2.x
context is requested and no WGL_EXT_create_context_es2_profile extension is
found, SDL will try to load the libEGL.dll library provided by ANGLE.
To obtain the ANGLE binaries, you can either compile from source from
https://chromium.googlesource.com/angle/angle or copy the relevant binaries
from a recent Chrome/Chromium install for Windows. The files you need are:
- libEGL.dll
- libGLESv2.dll
- d3dcompiler_46.dll (supports Windows Vista or later, better shader
compiler) *or* d3dcompiler_43.dll (supports Windows XP or later)
If you compile ANGLE from source, you can configure it so it does not need the
d3dcompiler_* DLL at all (for details on this, see their documentation).
However, by default SDL will try to preload the d3dcompiler_46.dll to
comply with ANGLE's requirements. If you wish SDL to preload
d3dcompiler_43.dll (to support Windows XP) or to skip this step at all, you
can use the SDL_HINT_VIDEO_WIN_D3DCOMPILER hint (see SDL_hints.h for more
details).
Known Bugs:
- SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval is currently a no op when using ANGLE. It appears
that there's a bug in the library which prevents the window contents from
refreshing if this is set to anything other than the default value.
## Vulkan Surface Support
Support for creating Vulkan surfaces is configured on by default. To disable
it change the value of `SDL_VIDEO_VULKAN` to 0 in `SDL_config_windows.h`. You
must install the [Vulkan SDK](https://www.lunarg.com/vulkan-sdk/) in order to
use Vulkan graphics in your application.

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WinRT
=====
This port allows SDL applications to run on Microsoft's platforms that require
use of "Windows Runtime", aka. "WinRT", APIs. Microsoft may, in some cases,
refer to them as either "Windows Store", or for Windows 10, "UWP" apps.
In the past, SDL has supported Windows RT 8.x, Windows Phone, etc, but in
modern times this port is focused on UWP apps, which run on Windows 10,
and modern Xbox consoles.
Requirements
------------
* Microsoft Visual C++ (aka Visual Studio) 2019.
- Free, "Community" or "Express" editions may be used, so long as they
include support for either "Windows Store" or "Windows Phone" apps.
"Express" versions marked as supporting "Windows Desktop" development
typically do not include support for creating WinRT apps, to note.
(The "Community" editions of Visual C++ do, however, support both
desktop/Win32 and WinRT development).
* A valid Microsoft account - This requirement is not imposed by SDL, but
rather by Microsoft's Visual C++ toolchain. This is required to launch or
debug apps.
Status
------
Here is a rough list of what works, and what doesn't:
* What works:
* compilation via Visual C++ 2019.
* compile-time platform detection for SDL programs. The C/C++ #define,
`__WINRT__`, will be set to 1 (by SDL) when compiling for WinRT.
* GPU-accelerated 2D rendering, via SDL_Renderer.
* OpenGL ES 2, via the ANGLE library (included separately from SDL)
* software rendering, via either SDL_Surface (optionally in conjunction with
SDL_GetWindowSurface() and SDL_UpdateWindowSurface()) or via the
SDL_Renderer APIs
* threads
* timers (via SDL_GetTicks(), SDL_AddTimer(), SDL_GetPerformanceCounter(),
SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency(), etc.)
* file I/O via SDL_RWops
* mouse input (unsupported on Windows Phone)
* audio, via SDL's WASAPI backend (if you want to record, your app must
have "Microphone" capabilities enabled in its manifest, and the user must
not have blocked access. Otherwise, capture devices will fail to work,
presenting as a device disconnect shortly after opening it.)
* .DLL file loading. Libraries *MUST* be packaged inside applications. Loading
anything outside of the app is not supported.
* system path retrieval via SDL's filesystem APIs
* game controllers. Support is provided via the SDL_Joystick and
SDL_GameController APIs, and is backed by Microsoft's XInput API. Please
note, however, that Windows limits game-controller support in UWP apps to,
"Xbox compatible controllers" (many controllers that work in Win32 apps,
do not work in UWP, due to restrictions in UWP itself.)
* multi-touch input
* app events. SDL_APP_WILLENTER* and SDL_APP_DIDENTER* events get sent out as
appropriate.
* window events
* using Direct3D 11.x APIs outside of SDL. Non-XAML / Direct3D-only apps can
choose to render content directly via Direct3D, using SDL to manage the
internal WinRT window, as well as input and audio. (Use
SDL_GetWindowWMInfo() to get the WinRT 'CoreWindow', and pass it into
IDXGIFactory2::CreateSwapChainForCoreWindow() as appropriate.)
* What partially works:
* keyboard input. Most of WinRT's documented virtual keys are supported, as
well as many keys with documented hardware scancodes. Converting
SDL_Scancodes to or from SDL_Keycodes may not work, due to missing APIs
(MapVirtualKey()) in Microsoft's Windows Store / UWP APIs.
* SDLmain. WinRT uses a different signature for each app's main() function.
SDL-based apps that use this port must compile in SDL_winrt_main_NonXAML.cpp
(in `SDL\src\main\winrt\`) directly in order for their C-style main()
functions to be called.
* What doesn't work:
* compilation with anything other than Visual C++
* programmatically-created custom cursors. These don't appear to be supported
by WinRT. Different OS-provided cursors can, however, be created via
SDL_CreateSystemCursor() (unsupported on Windows Phone)
* SDL_WarpMouseInWindow() or SDL_WarpMouseGlobal(). This are not currently
supported by WinRT itself.
* joysticks and game controllers that either are not supported by
Microsoft's XInput API, or are not supported within UWP apps (many
controllers that work in Win32, do not work in UWP, due to restrictions in
UWP itself).
* turning off VSync when rendering on Windows Phone. Attempts to turn VSync
off on Windows Phone result either in Direct3D not drawing anything, or it
forcing VSync back on. As such, SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC will always get
turned-on on Windows Phone. This limitation is not present in non-Phone
WinRT (such as Windows 8.x), where turning off VSync appears to work.
* probably anything else that's not listed as supported
Upgrade Notes
-------------
#### SDL_GetPrefPath() usage when upgrading WinRT apps from SDL 2.0.3
SDL 2.0.4 fixes two bugs found in the WinRT version of SDL_GetPrefPath().
The fixes may affect older, SDL 2.0.3-based apps' save data. Please note
that these changes only apply to SDL-based WinRT apps, and not to apps for
any other platform.
1. SDL_GetPrefPath() would return an invalid path, one in which the path's
directory had not been created. Attempts to create files there
(via fopen(), for example), would fail, unless that directory was
explicitly created beforehand.
2. SDL_GetPrefPath(), for non-WinPhone-based apps, would return a path inside
a WinRT 'Roaming' folder, the contents of which get automatically
synchronized across multiple devices. This process can occur while an
application runs, and can cause existing save-data to be overwritten
at unexpected times, with data from other devices. (Windows Phone apps
written with SDL 2.0.3 did not utilize a Roaming folder, due to API
restrictions in Windows Phone 8.0).
SDL_GetPrefPath(), starting with SDL 2.0.4, addresses these by:
1. making sure that SDL_GetPrefPath() returns a directory in which data
can be written to immediately, without first needing to create directories.
2. basing SDL_GetPrefPath() off of a different, non-Roaming folder, the
contents of which do not automatically get synchronized across devices
(and which require less work to use safely, in terms of data integrity).
Apps that wish to get their Roaming folder's path can do so either by using
SDL_WinRTGetFSPathUTF8(), SDL_WinRTGetFSPathUNICODE() (which returns a
UCS-2/wide-char string), or directly through the WinRT class,
Windows.Storage.ApplicationData.
Setup, High-Level Steps
-----------------------
The steps for setting up a project for an SDL/WinRT app looks like the
following, at a high-level:
1. create a new Visual C++ project using Microsoft's template for a,
"Direct3D App".
2. remove most of the files from the project.
3. make your app's project directly reference SDL/WinRT's own Visual C++
project file, via use of Visual C++'s "References" dialog. This will setup
the linker, and will copy SDL's .dll files to your app's final output.
4. adjust your app's build settings, at minimum, telling it where to find SDL's
header files.
5. add files that contains a WinRT-appropriate main function, along with some
data to make sure mouse-cursor-hiding (via SDL_ShowCursor(SDL_DISABLE) calls)
work properly.
6. add SDL-specific app code.
7. build and run your app.
Setup, Detailed Steps
---------------------
### 1. Create a new project ###
Create a new project using one of Visual C++'s templates for a plain, non-XAML,
"Direct3D App" (XAML support for SDL/WinRT is not yet ready for use). If you
don't see one of these templates, in Visual C++'s 'New Project' dialog, try
using the textbox titled, 'Search Installed Templates' to look for one.
### 2. Remove unneeded files from the project ###
In the new project, delete any file that has one of the following extensions:
- .cpp
- .h
- .hlsl
When you are done, you should be left with a few files, each of which will be a
necessary part of your app's project. These files will consist of:
- an .appxmanifest file, which contains metadata on your WinRT app. This is
similar to an Info.plist file on iOS, or an AndroidManifest.xml on Android.
- a few .png files, one of which is a splash screen (displayed when your app
launches), others are app icons.
- a .pfx file, used for code signing purposes.
### 3. Add references to SDL's project files ###
SDL/WinRT can be built in multiple variations, spanning across three different
CPU architectures (x86, x64, and ARM) and two different configurations
(Debug and Release). WinRT and Visual C++ do not currently provide a means
for combining multiple variations of one library into a single file.
Furthermore, it does not provide an easy means for copying pre-built .dll files
into your app's final output (via Post-Build steps, for example). It does,
however, provide a system whereby an app can reference the MSVC projects of
libraries such that, when the app is built:
1. each library gets built for the appropriate CPU architecture(s) and WinRT
platform(s).
2. each library's output, such as .dll files, get copied to the app's build
output.
To set this up for SDL/WinRT, you'll need to run through the following steps:
1. open up the Solution Explorer inside Visual C++ (under the "View" menu, then
"Solution Explorer")
2. right click on your app's solution.
3. navigate to "Add", then to "Existing Project..."
4. find SDL/WinRT's Visual C++ project file and open it, in the `VisualC-WinRT`
directory.
5. once the project has been added, right-click on your app's project and
select, "References..."
6. click on the button titled, "Add New Reference..."
7. check the box next to SDL
8. click OK to close the dialog
9. SDL will now show up in the list of references. Click OK to close that
dialog.
Your project is now linked to SDL's project, insofar that when the app is
built, SDL will be built as well, with its build output getting included with
your app.
### 4. Adjust Your App's Build Settings ###
Some build settings need to be changed in your app's project. This guide will
outline the following:
- making sure that the compiler knows where to find SDL's header files
- **Optional for C++, but NECESSARY for compiling C code:** telling the
compiler not to use Microsoft's C++ extensions for WinRT development.
- **Optional:** telling the compiler not generate errors due to missing
precompiled header files.
To change these settings:
1. right-click on the project
2. choose "Properties"
3. in the drop-down box next to "Configuration", choose, "All Configurations"
4. in the drop-down box next to "Platform", choose, "All Platforms"
5. in the left-hand list, expand the "C/C++" section
6. select "General"
7. edit the "Additional Include Directories" setting, and add a path to SDL's
"include" directory
8. **Optional: to enable compilation of C code:** change the setting for
"Consume Windows Runtime Extension" from "Yes (/ZW)" to "No". If you're
working with a completely C++ based project, this step can usually be
omitted.
9. **Optional: to disable precompiled headers (which can produce
'stdafx.h'-related build errors, if setup incorrectly:** in the left-hand
list, select "Precompiled Headers", then change the setting for "Precompiled
Header" from "Use (/Yu)" to "Not Using Precompiled Headers".
10. close the dialog, saving settings, by clicking the "OK" button
### 5. Add a WinRT-appropriate main function, and a blank-cursor image, to the app. ###
A few files should be included directly in your app's MSVC project, specifically:
1. a WinRT-appropriate main function (which is different than main() functions on
other platforms)
2. a Win32-style cursor resource, used by SDL_ShowCursor() to hide the mouse cursor
(if and when the app needs to do so). *If this cursor resource is not
included, mouse-position reporting may fail if and when the cursor is
hidden, due to possible bugs/design-oddities in Windows itself.*
To include these files for C/C++ projects:
1. right-click on your project (again, in Visual C++'s Solution Explorer),
navigate to "Add", then choose "Existing Item...".
2. navigate to the directory containing SDL's source code, then into its
subdirectory, 'src/main/winrt/'. Select, then add, the following files:
- `SDL_winrt_main_NonXAML.cpp`
- `SDL2-WinRTResources.rc`
- `SDL2-WinRTResource_BlankCursor.cur`
3. right-click on the file `SDL_winrt_main_NonXAML.cpp` (as listed in your
project), then click on "Properties...".
4. in the drop-down box next to "Configuration", choose, "All Configurations"
5. in the drop-down box next to "Platform", choose, "All Platforms"
6. in the left-hand list, click on "C/C++"
7. change the setting for "Consume Windows Runtime Extension" to "Yes (/ZW)".
8. click the OK button. This will close the dialog.
**NOTE: C++/CX compilation is currently required in at least one file of your
app's project. This is to make sure that Visual C++'s linker builds a 'Windows
Metadata' file (.winmd) for your app. Not doing so can lead to build errors.**
For non-C++ projects, you will need to call SDL_WinRTRunApp from your language's
main function, and generate SDL2-WinRTResources.res manually by using `rc` via
the Developer Command Prompt and including it as a <Win32Resource> within the
first <PropertyGroup> block in your Visual Studio project file.
### 6. Add app code and assets ###
At this point, you can add in SDL-specific source code. Be sure to include a
C-style main function (ie: `int main(int argc, char *argv[])`). From there you
should be able to create a single `SDL_Window` (WinRT apps can only have one
window, at present), as well as an `SDL_Renderer`. Direct3D will be used to
draw content. Events are received via SDL's usual event functions
(`SDL_PollEvent`, etc.) If you have a set of existing source files and assets,
you can start adding them to the project now. If not, or if you would like to
make sure that you're setup correctly, some short and simple sample code is
provided below.
#### 6.A. ... when creating a new app ####
If you are creating a new app (rather than porting an existing SDL-based app),
or if you would just like a simple app to test SDL/WinRT with before trying to
get existing code working, some working SDL/WinRT code is provided below. To
set this up:
1. right click on your app's project
2. select Add, then New Item. An "Add New Item" dialog will show up.
3. from the left-hand list, choose "Visual C++"
4. from the middle/main list, choose "C++ File (.cpp)"
5. near the bottom of the dialog, next to "Name:", type in a name for your
source file, such as, "main.cpp".
6. click on the Add button. This will close the dialog, add the new file to
your project, and open the file in Visual C++'s text editor.
7. Copy and paste the following code into the new file, then save it.
```c
#include <SDL.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
SDL_DisplayMode mode;
SDL_Window * window = NULL;
SDL_Renderer * renderer = NULL;
SDL_Event evt;
SDL_bool keep_going = SDL_TRUE;
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
return 1;
} else if (SDL_GetCurrentDisplayMode(0, &mode) != 0) {
return 1;
} else if (SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer(mode.w, mode.h, SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN, &window, &renderer) != 0) {
return 1;
}
while (keep_going) {
while (SDL_PollEvent(&evt)) {
if ((evt.type == SDL_KEYDOWN) && (evt.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_ESCAPE)) {
keep_going = SDL_FALSE;
}
}
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 255, 0, 255);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
```
#### 6.B. Adding code and assets ####
If you have existing code and assets that you'd like to add, you should be able
to add them now. The process for adding a set of files is as such.
1. right click on the app's project
2. select Add, then click on "New Item..."
3. open any source, header, or asset files as appropriate. Support for C and
C++ is available.
Do note that WinRT only supports a subset of the APIs that are available to
Win32-based apps. Many portions of the Win32 API and the C runtime are not
available.
A list of unsupported C APIs can be found at
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/jj606124.aspx>
General information on using the C runtime in WinRT can be found at
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh972425.aspx>
A list of supported Win32 APIs for WinRT apps can be found at
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/br205757.aspx>. To note,
the list of supported Win32 APIs for Windows Phone 8.0 is different.
That list can be found at
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsphone/develop/jj662956(v=vs.105).aspx>
### 7. Build and run your app ###
Your app project should now be setup, and you should be ready to build your app.
To run it on the local machine, open the Debug menu and choose "Start
Debugging". This will build your app, then run your app full-screen. To switch
out of your app, press the Windows key. Alternatively, you can choose to run
your app in a window. To do this, before building and running your app, find
the drop-down menu in Visual C++'s toolbar that says, "Local Machine". Expand
this by clicking on the arrow on the right side of the list, then click on
Simulator. Once you do that, any time you build and run the app, the app will
launch in window, rather than full-screen.
#### 7.A. Running apps on older, ARM-based, "Windows RT" devices ####
**These instructions do not include Windows Phone, despite Windows Phone
typically running on ARM processors.** They are specifically for devices
that use the "Windows RT" operating system, which was a modified version of
Windows 8.x that ran primarily on ARM-based tablet computers.
To build and run the app on ARM-based, "Windows RT" devices, you'll need to:
- install Microsoft's "Remote Debugger" on the device. Visual C++ installs and
debugs ARM-based apps via IP networks.
- change a few options on the development machine, both to make sure it builds
for ARM (rather than x86 or x64), and to make sure it knows how to find the
Windows RT device (on the network).
Microsoft's Remote Debugger can be found at
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh441469.aspx>. Please note
that separate versions of this debugger exist for different versions of Visual
C++, one each for MSVC 2015, 2013, and 2012.
To setup Visual C++ to launch your app on an ARM device:
1. make sure the Remote Debugger is running on your ARM device, and that it's on
the same IP network as your development machine.
2. from Visual C++'s toolbar, find a drop-down menu that says, "Win32". Click
it, then change the value to "ARM".
3. make sure Visual C++ knows the hostname or IP address of the ARM device. To
do this:
1. open the app project's properties
2. select "Debugging"
3. next to "Machine Name", enter the hostname or IP address of the ARM
device
4. if, and only if, you've turned off authentication in the Remote Debugger,
then change the setting for "Require Authentication" to No
5. click "OK"
4. build and run the app (from Visual C++). The first time you do this, a
prompt will show up on the ARM device, asking for a Microsoft Account. You
do, unfortunately, need to log in here, and will need to follow the
subsequent registration steps in order to launch the app. After you do so,
if the app didn't already launch, try relaunching it again from within Visual
C++.
Troubleshooting
---------------
#### Build fails with message, "error LNK2038: mismatch detected for 'vccorlib_lib_should_be_specified_before_msvcrt_lib_to_linker'"
Try adding the following to your linker flags. In MSVC, this can be done by
right-clicking on the app project, navigating to Configuration Properties ->
Linker -> Command Line, then adding them to the Additional Options
section.
* For Release builds / MSVC-Configurations, add:
/nodefaultlib:vccorlib /nodefaultlib:msvcrt vccorlib.lib msvcrt.lib
* For Debug builds / MSVC-Configurations, add:
/nodefaultlib:vccorlibd /nodefaultlib:msvcrtd vccorlibd.lib msvcrtd.lib
#### Mouse-motion events fail to get sent, or SDL_GetMouseState() fails to return updated values
This may be caused by a bug in Windows itself, whereby hiding the mouse
cursor can cause mouse-position reporting to fail.
SDL provides a workaround for this, but it requires that an app links to a
set of Win32-style cursor image-resource files. A copy of suitable resource
files can be found in `src/main/winrt/`. Adding them to an app's Visual C++
project file should be sufficient to get the app to use them.
#### SDL's Visual Studio project file fails to open, with message, "The system can't find the file specified."
This can be caused for any one of a few reasons, which Visual Studio can
report, but won't always do so in an up-front manner.
To help determine why this error comes up:
1. open a copy of Visual Studio without opening a project file. This can be
accomplished via Windows' Start Menu, among other means.
2. show Visual Studio's Output window. This can be done by going to VS'
menu bar, then to View, and then to Output.
3. try opening the SDL project file directly by going to VS' menu bar, then
to File, then to Open, then to Project/Solution. When a File-Open dialog
appears, open the SDL project (such as the one in SDL's source code, in its
directory, VisualC-WinRT/UWP_VS2015/).
4. after attempting to open SDL's Visual Studio project file, additional error
information will be output to the Output window.
If Visual Studio reports (via its Output window) that the project:
"could not be loaded because it's missing install components. To fix this launch Visual Studio setup with the following selections:
Microsoft.VisualStudio.ComponentGroup.UWP.VC"
... then you will need to re-launch Visual Studio's installer, and make sure that
the workflow for "Universal Windows Platform development" is checked, and that its
optional component, "C++ Universal Windows Platform tools" is also checked. While
you are there, if you are planning on targeting UWP / Windows 10, also make sure
that you check the optional component, "Windows 10 SDK (10.0.10240.0)". After
making sure these items are checked as-appropriate, install them.
Once you install these components, try re-launching Visual Studio, and re-opening
the SDL project file. If you still get the error dialog, try using the Output
window, again, seeing what Visual Studio says about it.
#### Game controllers / joysticks aren't working!
Windows only permits certain game controllers and joysticks to work within
WinRT / UWP apps. Even if a game controller or joystick works in a Win32
app, that device is not guaranteed to work inside a WinRT / UWP app.
According to Microsoft, "Xbox compatible controllers" should work inside
UWP apps, potentially with more working in the future. This includes, but
may not be limited to, Microsoft-made Xbox controllers and USB adapters.
(Source: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/9064838b-e8c3-4c18-8a83-19bf0dfe150d/xinput-fails-to-detect-game-controllers?forum=wpdevelop)

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# Simple DirectMedia Layer
https://www.libsdl.org/
Simple DirectMedia Layer is a cross-platform development library designed
to provide low level access to audio, keyboard, mouse, joystick, and graphics
hardware via OpenGL and Direct3D. It is used by video playback software,
emulators, and popular games including Valve's award winning catalog
and many Humble Bundle games.
SDL officially supports Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android.
Support for other platforms may be found in the source code.
SDL is written in C, works natively with C++, and there are bindings
available for several other languages, including C# and Python.
This library is distributed under the zlib license, which can be found
in the file "LICENSE.txt".
The best way to learn how to use SDL is to check out the header files in
the "include" subdirectory and the programs in the "test" subdirectory.
The header files and test programs are well commented and always up to date.
More documentation and FAQs are available online at [the wiki](http://wiki.libsdl.org/)
- [Android](README-android.md)
- [CMake](README-cmake.md)
- [DirectFB](README-directfb.md)
- [DynAPI](README-dynapi.md)
- [Emscripten](README-emscripten.md)
- [GDK](README-gdk.md)
- [Gesture](README-gesture.md)
- [Git](README-git.md)
- [iOS](README-ios.md)
- [Linux](README-linux.md)
- [macOS](README-macos.md)
- [OS/2](README-os2.md)
- [Native Client](README-nacl.md)
- [Pandora](README-pandora.md)
- [Supported Platforms](README-platforms.md)
- [Porting information](README-porting.md)
- [PSP](README-psp.md)
- [PS2](README-ps2.md)
- [Raspberry Pi](README-raspberrypi.md)
- [Touch](README-touch.md)
- [Versions](README-versions.md)
- [WinCE](README-wince.md)
- [Windows](README-windows.md)
- [WinRT](README-winrt.md)
- [PSVita](README-vita.md)
- [Nokia N-Gage](README-ngage.md)
If you need help with the library, or just want to discuss SDL related
issues, you can join the [SDL Discourse](https://discourse.libsdl.org/),
which can be used as a web forum or a mailing list, at your preference.
If you want to report bugs or contribute patches, please submit them to
[our bug tracker](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues)
Enjoy!
Sam Lantinga <mailto:slouken@libsdl.org>

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# Release checklist
When changing the version, run `build-scripts/update-version.sh X Y Z`,
where `X Y Z` are the major version, minor version, and patch level. So
`2 28 1` means "change the version to 2.28.1". This script does much of the
mechanical work.
## New feature release
* Update `WhatsNew.txt`
* Bump version number to 2.EVEN.0:
* `./build-scripts/update-version.sh 2 EVEN 0`
* Do the release
* Update the website file include/header.inc.php to reflect the new version
## New bugfix release
* Check that no new API/ABI was added
* If it was, do a new feature release (see above) instead
* Bump version number from 2.Y.Z to 2.Y.(Z+1) (Y is even)
* `./build-scripts/update-version.sh 2 Y Z+1`
* Do the release
* Update the website file include/header.inc.php to reflect the new version
## After a feature release
* Create a branch like `release-2.24.x`
* Bump version number to 2.ODD.0 for next development branch
* `./build-scripts/update-version.sh 2 ODD 0`
## New development prerelease
* Bump version number from 2.Y.Z to 2.Y.(Z+1) (Y is odd)
* `./build-scripts/update-version.sh 2 Y Z+1`
* Do the release