profile the drawing options

sqrt is actually faster
magnitest: cover image, png file
2025-06-08 17:36:50 -07:00 · 2025-06-08 16:55:15 -07:00 · 2025-06-08 16:16:16 -07:00 · 2025-06-08 16:14:18 -07:00 · 2025-06-08 15:11:36 -07:00 · 2025-06-08 15:11:07 -07:00
6 changed files with 1718 additions and 116 deletions
--- a/collisiontest.p8
+++ b/collisiontest.p8
@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+bx0=0
+by0=0
+bx1=127
+by1=127
+lx0=0
+ly0=0
+lx1=127
+ly1=127
+
+-->8
+
+function collides()
+	local tmin,tmax=0,1
+	
+	local ldx,ldy=lx1-lx0,ly1-ly0
+	
+	
+	-- x
+	if ldx==0 then
+		if (lx0<bx0 or lx0>bx1) return
+	else
+ 	local tx0=(bx0-lx0)/ldx
+ 	local tx1=(bx1-lx0)/ldx
+ 	if (tx0 > tx1) tx0,tx1=tx1,tx0
+ 	if (tmin < tx0) tmin=tx0
+ 	if (tmax > tx1) tmax=tx1
+ end
+ 
+	if ldy==0 then
+		if (ly0<by0 or ly0>by1) return
+	else
+ 	local ty0=(by0-ly0)/ldy
+ 	local ty1=(by1-ly0)/ldy
+ 	if (ty0 > ty1) ty0,ty1=ty1,ty0
+ 	if (tmin < ty0) tmin=ty0
+ 	if (tmax > ty1) tmax=ty1
+ end 
+ 
+ if (tmax < tmin) return
+ return tmin,tmax
+end
+
+
+-->8
+function _init()
+	poke(0x5f2d,1) -- enable mouse
+end
+
+function _bounce_screen(x)
+ return _bounce(x*128,128)
+end
+function _bounce(x,mx)
+	x=x%(mx * 2)
+	if (x>=mx)return mx-(x-mx)
+	return x
+end
+
+function _to_halfopen(x0,x1)
+ -- turn two numbers into a
+ -- half-open integer range
+ x0=flr(x0)
+ x1=flr(x1)
+ local lo=min(x0,x1)
+ local hi=max(x0,x1)
+ if (hi==lo) return lo,hi
+ return lo,hi-1
+end
+
+function _update60()
+ local t=time()/16
+ 
+	local bx0_=_bounce_screen(t*1)
+	local by0_=_bounce_screen(t*2)
+	local bx1_=_bounce_screen(t*3)
+	local by1_=_bounce_screen(t*4)
+	
+	bx0,bx1=_to_halfopen(bx0_,bx1_)
+	by0,by1=_to_halfopen(by0_,by1_)
+	
+	update_line()
+	
+	--[[
+ local lx0_=_bounce_screen(t*1.5)
+ local ly0_=_bounce_screen(t*2.5)
+ local lx1_=_bounce_screen(t*3.5)
+ local ly1_=_bounce_screen(t*4.5)
+	
+	lx0,lx1=lx0_,lx1_
+	ly0,ly1=ly0_,ly1_
+	]]--
+end
+
+was_down=false
+last_mx,last_my=nil,nil
+
+function update_line()
+ local mx,my=stat(32),stat(33)
+ local is_down=stat(34)!=0
+
+ if is_down then
+  if was_down then
+   lx1,ly1=mx,my
+  else
+  	lx0,ly0=mx,my
+  end
+ end
+ was_down=is_down
+ last_mx,last_my=mx,my
+end
+-->8
+function _draw()
+ cls(0)
+	rect(bx0,by0,bx1,by1,6)
+	--quickzot(lx1,ly1,2,lx1-lx0,ly1-ly0,10,9,8)
+ linefill(lx0, ly0, lx1, ly1, 2, 9)
+	line(lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,2)
+	local cmin, cmax = collides()
+	if cmin then
+	 local dx,dy=lx1-lx0,ly1-ly0
+	 line(lx0 + dx*cmin,
+	      ly0 + dy*cmin,
+	      lx0 + dx*cmax,
+	      ly0 + dy*cmax,
+	      11)
+	 pset(lx0 + dx*cmin,
+	      ly0 + dy*cmin,
+	      12)
+	end
+	
+	pset(last_mx,last_my,7)
+end
+-->8
+function zot_one(x, y, r, ir, dx, dy, hot, warm)
+ local x0, y0 = x-dx, y-dy
+ local rx,ry,irx,iry=r*sgn(dx),r*sgn(dy),ir*sgn(dx),ir*sgn(dy)
+ if warm then
+  line(x0+irx,y0-ry,x+rx,y-iry,warm)
+  line(x0-rx,y0+iry,x-irx,y+ry,warm)
+  --line(x0-rx,y0-ry,x+rx,y+ry,warm)
+ end
+ line(x0,y0,x+rx,y-iry,hot)
+ line(x0,y0,x-irx,y+ry,hot)
+ --line(x0,y0,x+rx,y+ry,hot)
+end
+
+function zot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0,y0,sdx,sdy=x-dx,y-dy,sgn(dx),sgn(dy)
+ local rx,ry=r*sdx,r*sdy
+ if cold then
+  rectfill(x0-rx,y0-ry,x0+rx,y0+ry,cold)
+  local sdxh,sdyh=sdx/2,sdy/2
+  line(x0-rx-sdxh,y0+ry+sdyh,x-rx,y+ry,cold)
+  line(x0+rx+sdxh,y0-ry-sdyh,x+rx,y-ry,cold)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0+i*sdx,y0-ry,x+rx,y-i*sdy,warm)
+  line(x0-rx,y0+i*sdy,x-i*sdx,y+ry,warm)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0,y0,x+rx,y-i*sdy,hot)
+  line(x0,y0,x-i*sdx,y+ry,hot)
+ end
+end
+
+function quickzot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0, y0, r2 = x-dx, y-dy, r/2
+ rectfill(x0-0.5-r2, y0-0.5-r2, x0+r2+0.5, y0+r2+0.5, cold)
+ local a = atan2(dx,dy)-0.25
+ local tdx,tdy=cos(a), sin(a)
+ for i=-r*0.65,r*0.65,0.65 do
+  line(x0+i*tdx, y0+i*tdy, x+i*tdx, y+i*tdy, warm)
+ end
+ rectfill(x-r2,y-r2,x+r2,y+r2,hot)
+end
+
+-- linefill x0 y0 x1 y1 r [col]
+-- draw a thicc line
+-- https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=39016
+function linefill(ax,ay,bx,by,r,c)
+ if(c) color(c)
+ local dx,dy=bx-ax,by-ay
+ -- avoid overflow
+ -- credits: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=28999
+ local d,n = abs(dx),abs(dy)
+ if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+ n/=d
+ d*=sqrt(n*n+1)
+ if(d<0.001) return
+ local ca,sa=dx/d,-dy/d
+
+ -- polygon points
+ local s={
+  {0,-r},{d,-r},{d,r},{0,r}
+ }
+ local u,v,spans=s[4][1],s[4][2],{}
+ local x0,y0=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+ for i=1,4 do
+  local u,v=unpack(s[i])
+  local x1,y1=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+  local _x1,_y1=x1,y1
+  if(y0>y1) x0,y0,x1,y1=x1,y1,x0,y0
+  local dx=(x1-x0)/(y1-y0)
+  if(y0<0) x0-=y0*dx y0=-1
+  local cy0=y0\1+1
+  -- sub-pix shift
+  x0+=(cy0-y0)*dx
+  for y=y0\1+1,min(y1\1,127) do
+   -- open span?
+   local span=spans[y]
+   if span then
+       rectfill(x0,y,span,y)
+   else
+       spans[y]=x0
+   end
+   x0+=dx
+  end
+  x0,y0=_x1,_y1
+ end
+end
+__gfx__
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00700700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00077000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00077000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00700700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/magnitest.p8
+++ b/magnitest.p8
@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+--magnitest.p8
+--accuracy and perf tests for
+--vector calculation logic
+
+-- profiler says 67 cycles
+-- 39 lua, 28 system
+function bbs28999alg(dx, dy)
+  local d = max(abs(dx),abs(dy))
+  local n = min(abs(dx),abs(dy)) / d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end
+
+-- profiler says 56 cycles
+-- 24 lua, 32 system
+function bbs28999algopt(dx, dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return (n*n + 1)^0.5 * d
+end
+
+-- profiler says 54 cycles
+-- 26 lua, 28 system
+function bbs28999algopt2(dx, dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end
+
+
+-- profiler says 18 cycles
+-- 18 lua, 0 system
+function trigalg(dx, dy)
+ local s = sin(atan2(dx,dy))
+ if (s==0) return abs(dx)
+ return abs(dy/s)
+end
+-->8
+function _init()
+ gdx,gdy=0,0
+ acc=1
+ magnitude = 1
+ tresult=0
+ bresult=0
+ delta=0
+ dp=0
+end
+
+function _update60()
+ if (btn(0)) gdx -= acc
+ if (btn(1)) gdx += acc
+ if (btn(2)) gdy -= acc
+ if (btn(3)) gdy += acc
+ if (btn(4) and btn(5)) gdx,gdy=0,0
+ gdx=mid(-16000,16000,gdx)
+ gdy=mid(-16000,16000,gdy)
+
+ if btn() == 0 or btn(4) then
+  acc = 1
+ elseif btn(5) then
+  acc *= 1.05
+ else
+  acc *= 1.02
+ end
+ if (acc > 1024) acc=1024
+
+ local a,b=abs(gdx),abs(gdy)
+ if (b>a) a,b=b,a
+ magnitude = 1
+ while magnitude < a/64 do
+  magnitude *= 2
+ end
+
+ bresult=bbs28999algopt2(gdx,gdy)
+ tresult=trigalg(gdx,gdy)
+ delta=tresult-bresult
+ dp=(2*abs(delta)/abs(abs(bresult)+abs(tresult)))*100
+ if (delta == 0) dp=0
+end
+
+cols = {
+ 6,7,
+ [4]=10,
+ [8]=9,
+ [16]=4,
+ [32]=14,
+ [64]=15,
+ [128]=11,
+ [256]=12,
+ [512]=13,
+ [1024]=8,
+}
+
+function _draw()
+ cls()
+ camera()
+ print("x: "..tostr(gdx).."  y: "..tostr(gdy).."\nbase: "..tostr(bresult).."\ntrig: "..tostr(tresult).."\n\ndiff: "..tostr(delta).."\n   %:"..tostr(dp),0,0,13)
+ print("⬆️⬇️⬅️➡️:move  ❎:fast 🅾️:slow\n❎+🅾️:reset position",0,117,12)
+ camera(-63,-63)
+ line(0,0,gdx/magnitude,gdy/magnitude,cols[magnitude] or 2)
+ rectfill(0,0,gdx/magnitude,0,5)
+ rectfill(0,0,0,gdy/magnitude,5)
+end
+
+__gfx__
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00700700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00077000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00077000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00700700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+__label__
+d0d000000000ddd0ddd0ddd0d0d00000ddd0d0d0ddd0ddd000000000d0d0000000000000dd00dd00ddd0ddd00000ddd0ddd0ddd0ddd000000000000000000000
+d0d00d00000000d000d0d000d0d00000d0d0d0d000d000d000000000d0d00d00000000000d000d0000d0d0000000d0d0d000d000d00000000000000000000000
+0d00000000000dd000d0ddd0ddd00000d0d0ddd0ddd000d000000000ddd000000000ddd00d000d00ddd0ddd00000ddd0ddd0ddd0ddd000000000000000000000
+d0d00d00000000d000d000d000d00000d0d000d0d00000d00000000000d00d00000000000d000d00d00000d00000d0d000d000d000d000000000000000000000
+d0d000000000ddd000d0ddd000d00d00ddd000d0ddd000d000000000ddd0000000000000ddd0ddd0ddd0ddd00d00ddd0ddd0ddd0ddd000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ddd0ddd00dd0ddd000000000ddd0ddd0dd00ddd00000dd00ddd0ddd0dd0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+d0d0d0d0d000d0000d00000000d0d0d00d00d0d000000d00d0d000d00d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+dd00ddd0ddd0dd00000000000dd0ddd00d00ddd000000d00ddd000d00d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+d0d0d0d000d0d0000d00000000d000d00d0000d000000d00d0d000d00d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ddd0d0d0dd00ddd000000000ddd000d0ddd000d00d00ddd0ddd000d0ddd000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ddd0ddd0ddd00dd000000000ddd0ddd0dd00ddd00000ddd0dd00ddd0ddd000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0d00d0d00d00d0000d00000000d0d0d00d00d0d00000d0d00d00d00000d000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0d00dd000d00d000000000000dd0ddd00d00ddd00000d0d00d00ddd0ddd000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0d00d0d00d00d0d00d00000000d000d00d00d0d00000d0d00d0000d0d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0d00d0d0ddd0ddd000000000ddd000d0ddd0ddd00d00ddd0ddd0ddd0ddd000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+dd00ddd0ddd0ddd0000000000000dd000000dd00ddd0dd00ddd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+d0d00d00d000d0000d00000000000d0000000d0000d00d00d0d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+d0d00d00dd00dd0000000000ddd00d0000000d0000d00d00ddd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+d0d00d00d000d0000d00000000000d0000000d0000d00d0000d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ddd0ddd0d000d000000000000000ddd00d00ddd000d0ddd000d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000d0d00000ddd00000ddd0ddd0ddd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000d00d00d0d00000d0d000d0d0d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000d000000d0d00000d0d0ddd0ddd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000d0000d00d0d00000d0d0d00000d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000d0d00000ddd00d00ddd0ddd000d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ff000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000fff00000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffff00000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000fff000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000fff000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000fff000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000fff000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000000ffff000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000fff0000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000fff0000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000fff0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000500000000000000000000ffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000500000000000000000fff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000500000000000000fff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000500000000000fff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000500000000fff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000ffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050fff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000055555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0ccccc000ccccc000ccccc000ccccc000000ccc00cc0c0c0ccc0000000000ccccc000000ccc0ccc00cc0ccc000000ccccc0000000cc0c0000cc0c0c000000000
+ccc0ccc0cc000cc0ccc00cc0cc00ccc00c00ccc0c0c0c0c0c00000000000cc0c0cc00c00c000c0c0c0000c000000cc000cc00c00c000c000c0c0c0c000000000
+cc000cc0cc000cc0cc000cc0cc000cc00000c0c0c0c0c0c0cc0000000000ccc0ccc00000cc00ccc0ccc00c000000cc0c0cc00000ccc0c000c0c0c0c000000000
+cc000cc0ccc0ccc0ccc00cc0cc00ccc00c00c0c0c0c0ccc0c00000000000cc0c0cc00c00c000c0c000c00c000000cc000cc00c0000c0c000c0c0ccc000000000
+0ccccc000ccccc000ccccc000ccccc000000c0c0cc000c00ccc0000000000ccccc000000c000c0c0cc000c0000000ccccc000000cc00ccc0cc00ccc000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0ccccc0000000ccccc000000ccc0ccc00cc0ccc0ccc00000ccc00cc00cc0ccc0ccc0ccc00cc0cc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+cc0c0cc00c00cc000cc00c00c0c0c000c000c0000c000000c0c0c0c0c0000c000c000c00c0c0c0c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ccc0ccc0ccc0cc0c0cc00000cc00cc00ccc0cc000c000000ccc0c0c0ccc00c000c000c00c0c0c0c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+cc0c0cc00c00cc000cc00c00c0c0c00000c0c0000c000000c000c0c000c00c000c000c00c0c0c0c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0ccccc0000000ccccc000000c0c0ccc0cc00ccc00c000000c000cc00cc00ccc00c00ccc0cc00c0c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
--- a/magnitest.p8.png
+++ b/magnitest.p8.png
--- a/profiling.p8
+++ b/profiling.p8
@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+-- prof: cpu cycle counter v1.4
+--  BY PANCELOR
+--[[------------------------
+
+
+use this cart to precisely
+measure code execution time
+
+--------------------------------
+         ★ overview ★
+--------------------------------
+| tab 0 | usage guide          |
+| tab 1 | (internals)          |
+| tab 2 | your code here       |
+--------------------------------
+
+
+-----------------------
+-- ★ usage guide ★ --
+-----------------------
+
+
+웃: i have two code snippets;
+    which one is faster?
+
+🐱: edit the last tab with your
+    snippets, then run the cart.
+    it will tell you precisely
+    how much cpu it takes to
+    run each snippet.
+
+    the results are also copied
+    to your clipboard.
+
+
+
+웃: what do the numbers mean?
+
+🐱: the cpu cost is reported
+    as lua and system cycle
+    counts. look up stat(1)
+    and stat(2) for more info.
+
+    if you're not sure, just
+    look at the first number.
+    lower is faster (better)
+
+
+
+웃: why "{locals={9}}"
+    in the example?
+
+🐱: accessing local variables
+    is faster than global vars.
+
+    so if your test involves
+    local variables, simulate
+    this by passing them in:
+
+      prof(function(a)
+        sqrt(a)
+      end,{ locals={9} })
+
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+    local values from outside
+    the current scope are also
+    slower to access! example:
+
+      global = 4
+      local outer = 4
+      prof(function(x)
+        local _ = x --fast
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = outer --slow
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = global --slow
+      end,{ locals={4} })
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+
+
+
+웃: can i do "prof(myfunc)"?
+
+🐱: no, this sometimes gives
+    wrong results! always use
+    inline functions:
+
+      prof(function()
+        --code for myfunc here
+      end)
+
+    as an example, "prof(sin)"
+    reports "-2" -- wrong! but
+    "prof(function()sin()end)"
+    correctly reports "4"
+
+    (see the technical notes at
+    the start of the next tab
+    for a brief explanation.
+    technically, "prof(myfunc)"
+    will work if myfunc was made
+    by the user, but you will
+    risk confusing yourself)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 2 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+this cart is based on
+code by samhocevar:
+https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?pid=60198#p
+
+if you do this method, be very
+careful with local/global vars.
+it's very easy to accidentally
+measure the wrong thing.
+
+here's an example of how to
+measure cycles (ignoring this
+cart and using the old method)
+
+  function _init()
+    local a=11.2 -- locals
+
+    local n=1024
+    flip()
+    local tot1,sys1=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do   end --calibrate
+    local tot2,sys2=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do local _=sqrt(a) end --measure
+    local tot3,sys3=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+    function cyc(t0,t1,t2) return ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))*128/n*256/stat(8)*256 end
+    local lua = cyc(tot1-sys1,tot2-sys2,tot3-sys3)
+    local sys = cyc(sys1,sys2,sys3)
+    print(lua.."+"..sys.."="..(lua+sys).." (lua+sys)")
+  end
+
+run this once, see the results,
+then change the "measure" line
+to some other code you want
+to measure.
+
+note: wrapping the code inside
+"_init()" is required, otherwise
+builtin functions like "sin"
+will be measured wrong.
+(the reason is explained at
+the start of the next tab)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 3 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+another way to measure cpu cost
+is to run something like this:
+
+  function _draw()
+    cls(1)
+    local x=9
+    for i=1,1000 do
+      local a=sqrt(x) --snippet1
+  --    local b=x^0.5 --snippet2
+    end
+  end
+
+while running, press ctrl-p to
+see the performance monitor.
+the middle number shows how much
+of cpu is being used, as a
+fraction. (0.60 = 60% used)
+
+now, change the comments on the
+two code snippets inside _draw()
+and re-run. compare the new
+result with the old to determine
+which snippet is faster.
+
+note: every loop iteration costs
+an additional 2 cycles, so the
+ratio of the two fractions will
+not match the ratio of the 
+execution time of the snippets.
+but this method can quickly tell
+you which snippet is faster.
+
+
+
+]]
+
+-->8
+--[[ profiler.lua
+more info: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=46117
+
+usage:
+  prof(function()
+    memcpy(0,0x200,64)
+  end,function()
+    poke4(0,peek4(0x200,16))
+  end)
+
+passing locals:
+  prof(
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=(a+1)*(b+1)-1
+    end,
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=a*b+a+b
+    end,
+    {locals={3,5}}
+  )
+
+getting global/local variables exactly right
+is very tricky; you should always use inline
+functions like above; if you try e.g. prof(sin)
+the results will be wrong.
+
+
+# minutiae / notes to self:
+---------------------------
+doing this at top-level is awkward:
+  for _=1,n do       end -- calibrate
+  for _=1,n do sin() end -- measure
+b/c sin is secretly local at top-level,
+so it gives a misleading result (3 cycles).
+do it inside _init instead for a
+more representative result (4 cycles).
+
+## separate issue:
+------------------
+if you call prof(sin), it gives the wrong result (-2 cycles) because
+it's comparing sin() against noop() (not truly nothing).
+but we want the noop() there for normal inline prof() calls,
+to avoid measuring the cost of the indirection
+(calling func() from inside prof() is irrelevant to
+how cpu-expensive func()'s body is)
+]]
+
+-- prof(fn1,fn2,...,fnN,[opts])
+--
+-- opts.locals: values to pass
+-- opts.name: text label
+-- opts.n: number of iterations
+function prof(...)
+  local funcs={...}
+  local opts=type(funcs[#funcs])=="table" and deli(funcs) or {}
+
+  -- build output string
+  local msg=""
+  local function log(s)
+    msg..=s.."\n"
+  end
+
+  if opts.name then
+    log("prof: "..opts.name)
+  end
+  for fn in all(funcs) do
+    local dat=prof_one(fn,opts)
+    log(sub("  "..dat.total,-3)
+      .." ("
+      ..dat.lua
+      .." lua, "
+      ..dat.sys
+      .." sys)")
+  end
+
+  -- copy to clipboard
+  printh(msg,"@clip")
+  -- print + pause
+  cls()
+  stop(msg)
+end
+
+function prof_one(func, opts)
+  opts = opts or {}
+  local n = opts.n or 0x200 --how many times to call func
+  local locals = opts.locals or {} --locals to pass func
+
+  -- we want to type
+  --   local m = 0x80_0000/n
+  -- but 8MHz is too large to fit in a pico-8 number,
+  -- so we do (0x80_0000>>16)/(n>>16) instead
+  -- (n is always an integer, so n>>16 won't lose any bits)
+  local m = 0x80/(n>>16)
+  assert(0x80/m << 16 == n, "n is too small") -- make sure m didn't overflow
+  local fps = stat(8)
+
+  -- given three timestamps (pre-calibration, middle, post-measurement),
+  --   calculate how many more CPU cycles func() took compared to noop()
+  -- derivation:
+  --   T := ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))/n (frames)
+  --     this is the extra time for each func call, compared to noop
+  --     this is measured in #-of-frames -- it will be a small fraction for most ops
+  --   F := 1/30 (seconds/frame) (or 1/60 if this test is running at 60fps)
+  --     this is just the framerate that the tests run at, not the framerate of your game
+  --   M := 256*256*128 = 0x80_0000 = 8MHz (cycles/second)
+  --     (PICO-8 runs at 8MHz; see https://www.lexaloffle.com/dl/docs/pico-8_manual.html#CPU)
+  --   cycles := T frames * F seconds/frame * M cycles/second
+  -- optimization / working around pico-8's fixed point numbers:
+  --   T2 := T*n = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+  --   M2 := M/n = (M>>16)/(n>>16) := m (e.g. when n is 0x1000, m is 0x800)
+  --   cycles := T2*M2*F
+  local function cycles(t0,t1,t2)
+    local diff = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+    local e1 = "must use inline functions -- see usage guide"
+    assert(0<=diff,e1)
+    local thresh = 0x7fff.ffff/(m/fps)
+    local e2 = "code is too large or slow -- try profiling manually with stat(1)"
+    assert(diff<=thresh,e2)
+    return diff*(m/fps)
+  end
+
+  local noop = function() end -- this must be local, because func is local
+  flip() --avoid flipping mid-measurement
+  local atot,asys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do noop(unpack(locals)) end -- calibrate
+  local btot,bsys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do func(unpack(locals)) end -- measure
+  local ctot,csys=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+  -- gather results
+  local tot=cycles(atot,btot,ctot)
+  local sys=cycles(asys,bsys,csys)
+  return {
+    lua=tot-sys,
+    sys=sys,
+    total=tot,
+  }
+end
+
+-->8
+-- your code here
+
+--edit me:
+prof(function(dx,dy)
+  local d = max(abs(dx),abs(dy))
+  local n = min(abs(dx),abs(dy)) / d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end,function(dx, dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return (n*n + 1)^0.5 * d
+end,function(dx,dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end,function(dx,dy)
+ local s = sin(atan2(dx,dy))
+ if (s==0) return abs(dx)
+ return abs(dy/s)
+end,{ locals={3,4} })
+
+-- "locals" (optional) are
+-- passed in as args. see the
+-- usage guide for details.
+
+__label__
+00006660000000006660000000006660000006006000606066600000066060600660060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006000060000006060666000006000000060006000606060600600600060606000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660666000006060000000006660000060006000606066606660666066606660006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000060060000006060666000000060000060006000606060600600006000600060006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660000000006660000000006660000006006660066060600000660066606600060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006060000000006660000000006060000006006000606066600000066060600660060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006060060000006060666000006060000060006000606060600600600060606000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660666000006060000000006660000060006000606066606660666066606660006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000060060000006060666000000060000060006000606060600600006000600060006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000060000000006660000000000060000006006660066060600000660066606600060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+70000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+07000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00700000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+07000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+70000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+__sfx__
+030100003052500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505
--- a/vacuum_gambit.p8
+++ b/vacuum_gambit.p8
@ -29,23 +29,33 @@ end
 -- if tt.init is defined, generated
 -- new calls tt.init(ret) after
 -- ret is definitely not nil,
-- before calling setmetatable.
+-- after calling setmetatable.
 -- use to initialize mutables.
 --
 -- if there was a previous new,
-- it is invoked on the new
-- object *after* more, because
-- this works better with the
-- `more` impls i use.
+-- it is invoked before
+-- setting tt's metatable, so
+-- each new will see its
+-- inheritance chain.
 function mknew(tt)
- local mt,oldnew,more = {__index=tt},tt.new,rawget(tt, "init")
+ local mt,oldinit,more = {__index=tt},tt.superinit,rawget(tt, "init")
 tt.new=function(ret)
  if(not ret) ret = {}
-  if(more) more(ret)
-  if(oldnew) oldnew(ret)
+  ret.new = false
  setmetatable(ret, mt)
+  if(oldinit) oldinit(ret)
+  if (more) more(ret)
  return ret
 end
+
+ if oldinit and more then
+  tt.superinit = function(ret)
+   oldinit(ret)
+   more(ret)
+  end
+ elseif more then
+  tt.superinit = more
+ end
 return tt
 end

@ -159,8 +169,6 @@ function wipe_game()
 xpwhoosh = nil
 primary_ship = player.new()
 init_hpcols()
- pships = linked_list.new()
- pships:push_back(primary_ship)
 eships = linked_list.new()
 pbullets = linked_list.new()
 ebullets = linked_list.new()
@ -198,7 +206,8 @@ function ones(n)
 end

 function updategame()
- if (primary_ship.xp >= primary_ship.xptarget) and (gframe - primary_ship.last_xp_frame > 0x0.000f) and (not primary_ship.dead) then
+ local ps = primary_ship
+ if (ps.xp >= ps.xptarget) and (gframe - ps.last_xp_frame > 0x0.000f) and (not ps.dead) then
  mode = rearm_mode.new()
  return _update60()
 end
@ -228,36 +237,24 @@ function updategame()
 end
 events:vore(new_events)
 events:strip(call_move)
- for _, lst in ipairs{intangibles_bg, pships, eships, pbullets, ebullets} do
+ for _, lst in ipairs{intangibles_bg, eships, pbullets, ebullets} do
  lst:strip(call_move)
 end

- pships:strip(
-  function(ps)
-   local pbox, pded = hurtbox(ps), false
-   eships:strip(
-    function(es)
-     if (not collides(pbox, hurtbox(es))) return
-     pded = pded or ps:hitship(es)
-     return es:hitship(ps)
-    end
-   )
-   return pded
-  end
- )
- pships:strip(
-  function(ps)
-   local pbox, pded = hurtbox(ps), false
-   ebullets:strip(
-    function(eb)
-     if (not collides(pbox, hurtbox(eb))) return
-     pded = pded or ps:hitbullet(eb)
-     return eb:hitship(ps)
-    end
-   )
-   return pded
-  end
- )
+ if not ps.dead then
+  ps:move()
+  local pbox = hurtbox(ps)
+  eships:strip(function(es)
+   if(not collides(pbox, hurtbox(es))) return
+   ps:hitship(es)
+   return es:hitship(ps)
+  end)
+  ebullets:strip(function(eb)
+   if (not collides(pbox, hurtbox(eb))) return
+   ps:hitbullet(eb)
+   return eb:hitship(ps)
+  end)
+ end

 	-- many bullets and many enemy ships;
 	-- use bucket collider for efficiency
@ -292,9 +289,9 @@ function updategame()
 	if waves_complete == 32767 and not eships.next and not ebullets.next and not events.next then
 	  game_state = win
 	end
-	if (not pships.next) game_state = lose
+	if (ps.dead) game_state = lose

- if primary_ship.xp >= primary_ship.xptarget then
+ if ps.xp >= ps.xptarget then
  if not xpwhoosh then
   xpwhoosh = 0
  else
@ -383,8 +380,8 @@ end
 function drawgame()
 clip(0,0,112,128)
 rectfill(0,0,112,128,0)
- for slist in all{intangibles_bg, pbullets, pships, eships, ebullets, intangibles_fg} do
-  slist:draw()
+ for drawable in all{intangibles_bg, pbullets, primary_ship, eships, ebullets, intangibles_fg} do
+  drawable:draw()
 end
 clip(0,0,128,128)
 drawhud()
@ -520,8 +517,6 @@ ship_m = mknew{
 shieldpenalty = 0x0.012c, --5s
 shield_refresh_ready = 0,
 
- slip = true,  -- most enemies slide
- 
 xmomentum = 0,
 ymomentum = 0,

@ -605,25 +600,18 @@ function ship_m:move()
 self:maybe_shoot(self.main_gun)
 if (shoot_spec1 and self.special_guns) self:maybe_shoot(self.special_guns[1])
 if (shoot_spec2 and self.special_guns) self:maybe_shoot(self.special_guns[2])
- if (dx ~= 0 or dy ~= 0) spark(self.sparks, self.x + 4*self.size, self.y + 4*self.size, dx*2.5, dy*2.5, self.sparkodds)
+ spark(self.sparks, self.x + 4*self.size, self.y + 4*self.size, dx*2.5, dy*2.5, self.sparkodds)
 self.xmomentum = self:calc_velocity(self.xmomentum, dx)
 self.ymomentum = self:calc_velocity(self.ymomentum, dy)

 self.x += self.xmomentum
 self.y += self.ymomentum
- 
- -- "scrolling" behavior
- if self.slip then
-  self.y += scrollrate
-  if self.y >= 128 then
-   self:die()
-   return true
-  end
- end
+
 return false
 end

 function ship_m:draw()
+ if (self.dead) return
 if(self.fx_pal) pal(self.fx_pal)
 spr(self.sprite, self.x, self.y, self.size, self.size)
 pal()
@ -719,6 +707,10 @@ bullet_base = mknew{ }

 gun_base = mknew{ 
 shoot_ready = -32768,
+ new_clip = -32768,
+ clip_size = false,
+ clip_remain = 0,
+ clip_interval = 0x0.80,
 icon = 20,
 ammobonus = 1,

@ -726,6 +718,27 @@ gun_base = mknew{
 -- cooldown reduction from
 -- upgrades, not yet applied
 cd_remainder = 0,
+
+ veloc = 1,
+ aim = 0.75, -- down; 0.25, or -0.75, is up
+ shot_idx = 0,
+ -- shots: list<list<[3]num>>
+ --  describing a cycling
+ --  firing pattern. shot_idx
+ --  tracks offset into pattern.
+ -- each nested list: a burst
+ --  of shots to fire; takes
+ --  1 ammo; sequential
+ -- each shot: angle (turns,
+ --  relative to `aim`),
+ --  firing x-offset, velocity;
+ --   if x-offset is nil, use 0;
+ --   if velocity is nil, use
+ --    self.veloc instead
+
+ init = function(self)
+  if (not self.shots) self.shots = {{{0}}}
+ end
 }

 -- gun_base subtypes are
@ -750,12 +763,6 @@ function gun_base:peel()
 self.munition = mknew(self.munition.new())
 end

-- default firing behavior:
-- single shot
-function gun_base:actually_shoot(x, y)
- self.munition.new{}:spawn_at(x, y)
-end
-
 -- upgrade 
 function gun_base:small_upgrade_opts()
 local ret = {
@ -849,15 +856,56 @@ end

 function gun_base:shoot(x, y)
 if (gframe < self.shoot_ready) return false
+ local csz,crm = self.clip_size, self.clip_remain
+ if csz then
+  if crm < csz and gframe >= self.new_clip then
+   self.clip_remain = csz
+   self.new_clip = gframe + self.clip_interval
+  elseif crm == 0 then
+   return false
+  end
+ end
 if self.ammo then
  if (self.ammo <= 0) return false
  self.ammo -= 1
 end
+ if csz then
+  self.clip_remain -= 1
+ end
 self.shoot_ready = gframe + self.cooldown
 self:actually_shoot(x, y)
 return true
 end

+function gun_base:actually_shoot(x, y)
+ local shots,veloc,aim,munition = self.shots,self.veloc,self.aim,self.munition
+ local idx = self.shot_idx % #shots + 1
+ self.shot_idx = idx
+ shots = shots[idx]
+ for s in all(shots) do
+  local a,xo,v = unpack(s)
+  v = v or veloc
+  xo = xo or 0
+  -- reverse x-offset for negative base angle
+  if (aim < 0) xo = -xo
+  a += aim
+  -- todo: switch munition
+  --  depending on angle
+  --  (allows for non-round
+  --   sprites and hitboxes on
+  --   shots from guns with
+  --   widely varying angles)
+  local m = munition.new{}
+  -- todo: automatically make
+  -- high velocity shots do
+  -- multiple collision checks
+  m.dy = sin(a) * veloc
+  m.dx = cos(a) * veloc
+  m:spawn_at(x+(xo or 0), y)
+ end
+end
+
+
 -->8
 -- bullets and guns

@ -876,8 +924,6 @@ zap_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
 y_off = 8,
 
 damage = 1,
- dx = 0,  -- px/frame
- dy = 4,

 hitship = const_fxn(true),

@ -886,19 +932,21 @@ zap_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{

 zap_p = mknew(zap_e.new{
 sprite = 8,
- dy = -8,
 y_off = 0,
 category = player_blt_cat,
 })

 zap_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
 cooldown = 0x0.0020, -- frames between shots
+ veloc = 4,
 munition = zap_e,
 })

 zap_gun_p = mknew(zap_gun_e.new{
 icon = 19,
 munition = zap_p,
+ veloc = 8,
+ aim = 0.25,
 hdr = "mAIN gUN",
 })

@ -955,6 +1003,7 @@ blast = mknew(bullet_base.new{
 blast_gun = mknew(gun_base.new{
 icon = 13,
 cooldown = 0x0.0078, -- 120 frames between shots
+ aim = -0.75,
 ammo = 5,
 maxammo = 5,
 munition = blast,
@ -987,8 +1036,6 @@ protron_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
 y_off = 4,
 
 damage = 1,
- dym = 0.5, -- gun sets dy;
-             -- this is mult
 category = enemy_blt_cat,
 })

@ -1004,34 +1051,17 @@ protron_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
 cooldown = 0x0.0040, -- frames between shots
 ammo = nil,
 maxammo = nil,
- munition = protron_e
+ munition = protron_e,
+ veloc = 2,
+ shots = {{{-0.25}, {-0.165}, {-0.0825}, {0}, {0.0825}, {0.165}, {0.25}}}
 })

-function protron_gun_e:actually_shoot(x, y)
- local m = self.munition.dym
- for i=1,3 do
-  local b = self.munition.new{
-   dx = i*m,
-   dy = (4-i)*m,
-  }
-  b:spawn_at(x,y)
-  local b2 = self.munition.new{
-   dx = -i*m,
-   dy = (4-i)*m,
-  }
-  b2:spawn_at(x,y)
- end
- local bup = self.munition.new{
-  dx=0,
-  dy=4*m,
- }
- bup:spawn_at(x,y)
-end
-
 protron_gun_p = mknew(protron_gun_e.new{
 munition = protron_p,
 maxammo = 20,
 cooldown = 0x0.0018,
+ veloc = 4,
+ aim = -0.75,
 hdr = "pROTRON",
 body = [[---------GUN

@ -1060,41 +1090,37 @@ vulcan_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
 y_off = 0,
 
 damage = 0.5,
- -- dx from gun
- dy = 2,
 category=enemy_blt_cat
 })

 vulcan_p = mknew(vulcan_e.new{
 sprite=22,
 y_off = 4,
- dy = -4,
 category=player_blt_cat
 })

 vulcan_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
 icon = 37,
- enemy = false,
 cooldown = 0x0.0003, -- frames between shots
 ammo = nil,
 maxammo = nil,
 munition=vulcan_e,
- dxs = {0.35, -0.35, -0.7, 0.7, 0.35, -0.35},
- xoffs = {1, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1},
- dxidx = 1,
- actually_shoot = function(self, x, y)
-  local b = self.munition.new{
-   dx = self.dxs[self.dxidx],
-  }
-  b:spawn_at(self.xoffs[self.dxidx]+x,y)
-  self.dxidx += 1
-  if (self.dxidx > #self.dxs) self.dxidx = 1
- end
+ veloc = 2,
+ shots = {{{0.02, 2}}, {{-0.02,0}}, {{-0.03, -2}}, {{0.03, 2}}, {{0.02, 0}}, {{-0.02, -2}}}
+})
+
+machine_gun_e = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
+ icon = 38,
+ clip_size = 12,
+ clip_interval = 0x0.005a,
+ shots = {{{0, 2}}, {{0, -2}}}
 })

 vulcan_gun_p = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
 munition=vulcan_p,
 maxammo = 100,
+ aim=-0.75,
+ veloc=4,
 hdr = "vULCAN",
 body = [[---------GUN

@ -1156,7 +1182,6 @@ player = mknew(ship_m.new{
 thrust = 0.1875, -- momentum added from button
 ymin = 0, ymax = 120, -- stay on screen
 drag = 0.0625, -- momentum lost per frame
- slip = false, -- does not slide down screen
 act = function(self)  -- fetch buttons
  local b,th = btn(),self.thrust
  local blr = b&0x3
@ -1312,7 +1337,6 @@ chasey = mknew(ship_m.new{
 maxspd = 2,
 thrust = 0.2,
 drag = 0.075,
- slip = true,

 init = function(ship)
  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
@ -1340,7 +1364,6 @@ xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
 hp = 19.5,
 shield = 5,
 boss = true,
- slip = false,
 act = function(self)
  local dx,dy,shoot_spec,shoot_main = chasey.act(self)
  if (self.y < 4) dy=self.thrust
@ -1351,9 +1374,6 @@ xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
  sspr(40, 0, 8, 8, self.x, self.y, 16, 16)
  pal()
 end,
- init = function(ship)
-  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
- end,
 })

 -- flotilla ships
@ -1365,16 +1385,20 @@ ship_f = mknew(ship_m.new{
 -- no sparks
 hp = 0.5,
 xp = 0x0.0001,
+ fire_off_x = 4,
+ fire_off_y = 4,

 maxspd = 3,
 thrust = 0.1,
 drag = 0.05,
- slip = false,
 act = function(self)
  local wx,wy=self.want_x,self.want_y
  self.xmin,self.xmax,self.ymin,self.ymax = wx,wx,wy,wy
  return 0,0,false,false
 end,
+ init = function(self)
+  if (self.gun_proto) self.main_gun = self.gun_proto.new()
+ end
 })

 ship_mook = mknew(ship_f.new{
@ -1388,12 +1412,14 @@ ship_defender = mknew(ship_f.new{
 ship_turret = mknew(ship_f.new{
 sprite=106,
 xp = 0x0.0002,
+ gun_proto = machine_gun_e,
 })
 ship_skirmisher = mknew(ship_f.new{
 sprite=107,
 xp = 0x0.0004,
- spark = smokespark,
- sparkodds = 4,
+ sparks = smokespark,
+ sparkodds = 3,
+ fire_off_y = 7,
 })

 function rnd_spawn_loc()
@ -1695,15 +1721,15 @@ function spark_particle:draw()
 end

 function spark(sprs, x, y, dx, dy, odds, fg)
- if (sprs==nil or flr(rnd(odds)) ~= 0) return
+ if (sprs==nil or flr(rnd(odds) or (abs(dx) < 0.5 and abs(dy))) ~= 0) return
 local target = fg and intangibles_fg or intangibles_bg
 target:push_back(spark_particle.new{
  x = x + rnd(4) - 2,
  y = y + rnd(4) - 2,
  sprs = sprs,
  sidx = 1,
-  dx = dx + rnd(2) - 1,
-  dy = dy + rnd(2) - 1,
+  dx = dx * rnd(2),
+  dy = dy * rnd(2),
 })
 end
 -->8
@ -1809,6 +1835,7 @@ end

 -- add a new gun
 function spec_gun_opts()
+ -- todo: avoid duplicates
 return pick(spec_gunt, 2)
 end

@ -1830,7 +1857,6 @@ end

 -- ordinary upgrades
 function small_opts()
- -- todo: include gun opts
 if(not primary_ship.special_guns) return pick(primary_ship:small_upgrade_opts(), 2)
 local opts = {rnd(primary_ship:small_upgrade_opts())}
 for g in all(primary_ship.special_guns) do
@ -1911,7 +1937,10 @@ function rearm_mode:shuffle()
 -- until the upgrade deck
 -- is a thing that exists
 local lev = primary_ship.level + 1
- if lev == 4 or lev == 12 then
+
+ -- for testing: more guns really early
+ -- if lev == 4 or lev == 12 then
+ if lev == 2 or lev == 3 then
  self.options = spec_gun_opts()
 elseif lev % 4 == 0 then
  self.options = big_opts()
--- a/zotprofiling.p8
+++ b/zotprofiling.p8
@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+-- prof: cpu cycle counter v1.4
+--  BY PANCELOR
+--[[------------------------
+
+
+use this cart to precisely
+measure code execution time
+
+--------------------------------
+         ★ overview ★
+--------------------------------
+| tab 0 | usage guide          |
+| tab 1 | (internals)          |
+| tab 2 | your code here       |
+--------------------------------
+
+
+-----------------------
+-- ★ usage guide ★ --
+-----------------------
+
+
+웃: i have two code snippets;
+    which one is faster?
+
+🐱: edit the last tab with your
+    snippets, then run the cart.
+    it will tell you precisely
+    how much cpu it takes to
+    run each snippet.
+
+    the results are also copied
+    to your clipboard.
+
+
+
+웃: what do the numbers mean?
+
+🐱: the cpu cost is reported
+    as lua and system cycle
+    counts. look up stat(1)
+    and stat(2) for more info.
+
+    if you're not sure, just
+    look at the first number.
+    lower is faster (better)
+
+
+
+웃: why "{locals={9}}"
+    in the example?
+
+🐱: accessing local variables
+    is faster than global vars.
+
+    so if your test involves
+    local variables, simulate
+    this by passing them in:
+
+      prof(function(a)
+        sqrt(a)
+      end,{ locals={9} })
+
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+    local values from outside
+    the current scope are also
+    slower to access! example:
+
+      global = 4
+      local outer = 4
+      prof(function(x)
+        local _ = x --fast
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = outer --slow
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = global --slow
+      end,{ locals={4} })
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+
+
+
+웃: can i do "prof(myfunc)"?
+
+🐱: no, this sometimes gives
+    wrong results! always use
+    inline functions:
+
+      prof(function()
+        --code for myfunc here
+      end)
+
+    as an example, "prof(sin)"
+    reports "-2" -- wrong! but
+    "prof(function()sin()end)"
+    correctly reports "4"
+
+    (see the technical notes at
+    the start of the next tab
+    for a brief explanation.
+    technically, "prof(myfunc)"
+    will work if myfunc was made
+    by the user, but you will
+    risk confusing yourself)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 2 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+this cart is based on
+code by samhocevar:
+https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?pid=60198#p
+
+if you do this method, be very
+careful with local/global vars.
+it's very easy to accidentally
+measure the wrong thing.
+
+here's an example of how to
+measure cycles (ignoring this
+cart and using the old method)
+
+  function _init()
+    local a=11.2 -- locals
+
+    local n=1024
+    flip()
+    local tot1,sys1=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do   end --calibrate
+    local tot2,sys2=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do local _=sqrt(a) end --measure
+    local tot3,sys3=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+    function cyc(t0,t1,t2) return ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))*128/n*256/stat(8)*256 end
+    local lua = cyc(tot1-sys1,tot2-sys2,tot3-sys3)
+    local sys = cyc(sys1,sys2,sys3)
+    print(lua.."+"..sys.."="..(lua+sys).." (lua+sys)")
+  end
+
+run this once, see the results,
+then change the "measure" line
+to some other code you want
+to measure.
+
+note: wrapping the code inside
+"_init()" is required, otherwise
+builtin functions like "sin"
+will be measured wrong.
+(the reason is explained at
+the start of the next tab)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 3 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+another way to measure cpu cost
+is to run something like this:
+
+  function _draw()
+    cls(1)
+    local x=9
+    for i=1,1000 do
+      local a=sqrt(x) --snippet1
+  --    local b=x^0.5 --snippet2
+    end
+  end
+
+while running, press ctrl-p to
+see the performance monitor.
+the middle number shows how much
+of cpu is being used, as a
+fraction. (0.60 = 60% used)
+
+now, change the comments on the
+two code snippets inside _draw()
+and re-run. compare the new
+result with the old to determine
+which snippet is faster.
+
+note: every loop iteration costs
+an additional 2 cycles, so the
+ratio of the two fractions will
+not match the ratio of the 
+execution time of the snippets.
+but this method can quickly tell
+you which snippet is faster.
+
+
+
+]]
+
+-->8
+--[[ profiler.lua
+more info: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=46117
+
+usage:
+  prof(function()
+    memcpy(0,0x200,64)
+  end,function()
+    poke4(0,peek4(0x200,16))
+  end)
+
+passing locals:
+  prof(
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=(a+1)*(b+1)-1
+    end,
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=a*b+a+b
+    end,
+    {locals={3,5}}
+  )
+
+getting global/local variables exactly right
+is very tricky; you should always use inline
+functions like above; if you try e.g. prof(sin)
+the results will be wrong.
+
+
+# minutiae / notes to self:
+---------------------------
+doing this at top-level is awkward:
+  for _=1,n do       end -- calibrate
+  for _=1,n do sin() end -- measure
+b/c sin is secretly local at top-level,
+so it gives a misleading result (3 cycles).
+do it inside _init instead for a
+more representative result (4 cycles).
+
+## separate issue:
+------------------
+if you call prof(sin), it gives the wrong result (-2 cycles) because
+it's comparing sin() against noop() (not truly nothing).
+but we want the noop() there for normal inline prof() calls,
+to avoid measuring the cost of the indirection
+(calling func() from inside prof() is irrelevant to
+how cpu-expensive func()'s body is)
+]]
+
+-- prof(fn1,fn2,...,fnN,[opts])
+--
+-- opts.locals: values to pass
+-- opts.name: text label
+-- opts.n: number of iterations
+function prof(...)
+  cls()
+  local funcs={...}
+  local opts=type(funcs[#funcs])=="table" and deli(funcs) or {}
+
+  -- build output string
+  local msg=""
+  local function log(s)
+    msg..=s.."\n"
+  end
+
+  if opts.name then
+    log("prof: "..opts.name)
+  end
+  for fn in all(funcs) do
+    local dat=prof_one(fn,opts)
+    log(sub("  "..dat.total,-3)
+      .." ("
+      ..dat.lua
+      .." lua, "
+      ..dat.sys
+      .." sys)")
+  end
+
+  -- copy to clipboard
+  printh(msg,"@clip")
+  -- print + pause
+  while btn() == 0 do
+   flip()
+  end
+  color(6)
+  stop(msg)
+end
+
+function prof_one(func, opts)
+  opts = opts or {}
+  local n = opts.n or 0x200 --how many times to call func
+  local locals = opts.locals or {} --locals to pass func
+
+  -- we want to type
+  --   local m = 0x80_0000/n
+  -- but 8MHz is too large to fit in a pico-8 number,
+  -- so we do (0x80_0000>>16)/(n>>16) instead
+  -- (n is always an integer, so n>>16 won't lose any bits)
+  local m = 0x80/(n>>16)
+  assert(0x80/m << 16 == n, "n is too small") -- make sure m didn't overflow
+  local fps = stat(8)
+
+  -- given three timestamps (pre-calibration, middle, post-measurement),
+  --   calculate how many more CPU cycles func() took compared to noop()
+  -- derivation:
+  --   T := ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))/n (frames)
+  --     this is the extra time for each func call, compared to noop
+  --     this is measured in #-of-frames -- it will be a small fraction for most ops
+  --   F := 1/30 (seconds/frame) (or 1/60 if this test is running at 60fps)
+  --     this is just the framerate that the tests run at, not the framerate of your game
+  --   M := 256*256*128 = 0x80_0000 = 8MHz (cycles/second)
+  --     (PICO-8 runs at 8MHz; see https://www.lexaloffle.com/dl/docs/pico-8_manual.html#CPU)
+  --   cycles := T frames * F seconds/frame * M cycles/second
+  -- optimization / working around pico-8's fixed point numbers:
+  --   T2 := T*n = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+  --   M2 := M/n = (M>>16)/(n>>16) := m (e.g. when n is 0x1000, m is 0x800)
+  --   cycles := T2*M2*F
+  local function cycles(t0,t1,t2)
+    local diff = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+    local e1 = "must use inline functions -- see usage guide"
+    assert(0<=diff,e1)
+    local thresh = 0x7fff.ffff/(m/fps)
+    local e2 = "code is too large or slow -- try profiling manually with stat(1)"
+    assert(diff<=thresh,e2)
+    return diff*(m/fps)
+  end
+
+  local noop = function() end -- this must be local, because func is local
+  flip() --avoid flipping mid-measurement
+  local atot,asys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do noop(unpack(locals)) end -- calibrate
+  local btot,bsys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do func(unpack(locals)) end -- measure
+  local ctot,csys=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+  -- gather results
+  local tot=cycles(atot,btot,ctot)
+  local sys=cycles(asys,bsys,csys)
+  return {
+    lua=tot-sys,
+    sys=sys,
+    total=tot,
+  }
+end
+
+-->8
+-- your code here
+
+--edit me:
+
+function linefill(ax,ay,dx,dy,r,c)
+ if(c) color(c)
+ -- avoid overflow
+ -- credits: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=28999
+ local d,n = abs(dx),abs(dy)
+ if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+ n/=d
+ d*=sqrt(n*n+1)
+ if(d<0.001) return
+ local ca,sa=dx/d,-dy/d
+
+ -- polygon points
+ local s={
+  {0,-r},{d,-r},{d,r},{0,r}
+ }
+ local u,v,spans=s[4][1],s[4][2],{}
+ local x0,y0=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+ for i=1,4 do
+  local u,v=unpack(s[i])
+  local x1,y1=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+  local _x1,_y1=x1,y1
+  if(y0>y1) x0,y0,x1,y1=x1,y1,x0,y0
+  local dx=(x1-x0)/(y1-y0)
+  if(y0<0) x0-=y0*dx y0=-1
+  local cy0=y0\1+1
+  -- sub-pix shift
+  x0+=(cy0-y0)*dx
+  for y=y0\1+1,min(y1\1,127) do
+   -- open span?
+   local span=spans[y]
+   if span then
+       rectfill(x0,y,span,y)
+   else
+       spans[y]=x0
+   end
+   x0+=dx
+  end
+  x0,y0=_x1,_y1
+ end
+end
+
+function quickzot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0, y0, r2 = x-dx, y-dy, r/2
+ rectfill(x0-0.5-r2, y0-0.5-r2, x0+r2+0.5, y0+r2+0.5, cold)
+ local a = atan2(dx,dy)-0.25
+ local tdx,tdy=cos(a), sin(a)
+ for i=-r*0.65,r*0.65,0.65 do
+  line(x0+i*tdx, y0+i*tdy, x+i*tdx, y+i*tdy, warm)
+ end
+ rectfill(x-r2,y-r2,x+r2,y+r2,hot)
+end
+
+function zot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0,y0,sdx,sdy=x-dx,y-dy,sgn(dx),sgn(dy)
+ local rx,ry=r*sdx,r*sdy
+ if cold then
+  rectfill(x0-rx,y0-ry,x0+rx,y0+ry,cold)
+  local sdxh,sdyh=sdx/2,sdy/2
+  line(x0-rx-sdxh,y0+ry+sdyh,x-rx,y+ry,cold)
+  line(x0+rx+sdxh,y0-ry-sdyh,x+rx,y-ry,cold)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0+i*sdx,y0-ry,x+rx,y-i*sdy,warm)
+  line(x0-rx,y0+i*sdy,x-i*sdx,y+ry,warm)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0,y0,x+rx,y-i*sdy,hot)
+  line(x0,y0,x-i*sdx,y+ry,hot)
+ end
+end
+
+function respr(x,y,dx,dy,r,s)
+ if (r==0) r=0.5
+ local n=ceil(max(abs(dx),abs(dy))/r/2)
+ local d1x,d1y=dx/n,dy/n
+ r/=4
+ for i=1,n do
+  spr(s,x,y,r,r)
+  x+=d1x
+  y+=d1y
+ end
+ pal()
+ spr(s,x,y,r,r)
+end
+
+darkpal = {
+ [7]=4,
+ [9]=2,
+ [10]=4,
+ [8]=2
+}
+
+prof(function(dx, dy, r)
+  linefill(32,32,dx,dy,r,10)
+end,function(dx, dy, r)
+  quickzot(96,32,r,dx,dy,10,9,8)
+end,function(dx,dy,r)
+  zot(32,96,r,dx,dy,10,9,8)
+end,function(dx,dy,r)
+  pal(darkpal)
+  respr(96,96,dx,dy,r,r)
+end,{ locals={4,-9,2} })
+
+-- "locals" (optional) are
+-- passed in as args. see the
+-- usage guide for details.
+
+__gfx__
+a0000000aa0000000990000009999000009999000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000aa00000097a800009aaaa800097aaa900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000009aa800009a7aa8009777aaa80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000088000009aaaa8009a7aaaa80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000009aaaa8009aaaaaa80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000088880009aaaaaa80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000009aaaa800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000008888000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+__label__
+00006660000000006660000000006660000006006000606066600000066060600660060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006000060000006060666000006000000060006000606060600600600060606000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660666000006060000000006660000060006000606066606660666066606660006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000060060000006060666000000060000060006000606060600600006000600060006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660000000006660000000006660000006006660066060600000660066606600060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006060000000006660000000006060000006006000606066600000066060600660060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006060060000006060666000006060000060006000606060600600600060606000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660666000006060000000006660000060006000606066606660666066606660006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000060060000006060666000000060000060006000606060600600006000600060006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000060000000006660000000000060000006006660066060600000660066606600060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+70000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+07000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00700000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+07000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+70000000888800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+__sfx__
+030100003052500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Kistaro Windrider	789cdf6a7a	profile the drawing options	2025-06-08 17:36:50 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	372133c15e	sqrt is actually faster	2025-06-08 16:55:15 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	b38ebcc603	magnitest: cover image, png file	2025-06-08 16:16:16 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	d9a10a7d07	fastest sqrt version, fix percentage	2025-06-08 16:14:18 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	3ec786f416	fix deceleration	2025-06-08 15:11:36 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	9955df6844	fix scaling alg	2025-06-08 15:11:07 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	9e52e65ad1	fix font color	2025-06-08 15:10:12 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	a9765bee1a	fix missed cls	2025-06-08 15:09:27 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	b919eb824d	testing vector magnitude calculation	2025-06-08 15:08:58 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	2c37784ad7	try this linefill func and start optimizing it	2025-06-08 14:35:49 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	37d9e3d30e	more experiments with drawing these collision boxes. still sucks	2025-06-08 14:10:23 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	1ef5b56c58	wait this version of zot actually looks good	2025-06-01 23:46:59 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	44fb8482a5	a version of zot that does not look awful performance impact is probably not acceptable though	2025-06-01 23:29:03 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	62f8f27829	a zot prototype that looks awful I need to draw all the hot parts last	2025-06-01 23:06:44 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	542acc5308	nano-optimizations	2025-06-01 21:03:04 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	4e66c875ad	improve legibility	2025-06-01 20:58:21 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	812d32e70c	micro-optimizations	2025-06-01 20:58:12 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	d2ec1b39df	Show approximation of contact zone	2025-06-01 20:38:56 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	a3ac8074ae	line-box collision implemented by Pyrex&Nyeo	2025-06-01 20:29:02 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	85d28ae28b	get rid of pships lots of things rely on exactly one primary ship now, so this was just overhead and wasted tokens / cspace.	2025-06-01 17:55:46 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	c514c61b3a	look at me. look at me. I'm the gun_base now	2025-06-01 17:41:07 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	9be828dd5c	blast gun is a trig gun now there are no more base guns	2025-06-01 17:38:45 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	2b51a3472b	protron trig gun	2025-06-01 17:36:15 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	95ea70baae	vulcan_gun as trig gun causes x offset to reverse for negative aim; may need to be careful with how I make aiming guns actually work, but this should work for deriving player guns from enemy guns (by using negative aim)!	2025-06-01 17:26:29 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	b18b4f885d	trig zap gun; fixes use the trig gun for the zap gun	2025-06-01 17:00:28 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	2fdb8d1a05	trigenometry gun prototype	2025-06-01 16:48:39 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	fc1f84fa28	Delete slip behavior	2025-06-01 16:15:46 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	93b63a5831	Prevent `new` calls that won't work as expected	2025-06-01 16:11:35 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	297e6e4996	implement clip reload time two tiers of cooldowns, pretty much	2025-06-01 15:55:11 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	9b3120c47b	rewrite mknew to inherit fields before init I am horrified to admit that C++'s constructor static initialization list syntax abruptly makes sense to me and I understand the problem it is trying to solve	2025-06-01 15:53:50 -07:00
Kistaro Windrider	abee6d1206	fix skirmisher sparks	2025-05-31 23:44:36 -07:00