add draw/update stat readout

surprisingly, update is most of my problem

collisiontest.p8

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+bx0=0
+by0=0
+bx1=127
+by1=127
+lx0=0
+ly0=0
+lx1=127
+ly1=127
+
+-->8
+
+function collides()
+	local tmin,tmax=0,1
+	
+	local ldx,ldy=lx1-lx0,ly1-ly0
+	
+	
+	-- x
+	if ldx==0 then
+		if (lx0<bx0 or lx0>bx1) return
+	else
+ 	local tx0=(bx0-lx0)/ldx
+ 	local tx1=(bx1-lx0)/ldx
+ 	if (tx0 > tx1) tx0,tx1=tx1,tx0
+ 	if (tmin < tx0) tmin=tx0
+ 	if (tmax > tx1) tmax=tx1
+ end
+ 
+	if ldy==0 then
+		if (ly0<by0 or ly0>by1) return
+	else
+ 	local ty0=(by0-ly0)/ldy
+ 	local ty1=(by1-ly0)/ldy
+ 	if (ty0 > ty1) ty0,ty1=ty1,ty0
+ 	if (tmin < ty0) tmin=ty0
+ 	if (tmax > ty1) tmax=ty1
+ end 
+ 
+ if (tmax < tmin) return
+ return tmin,tmax
+end
+
+
+-->8
+function _init()
+	poke(0x5f2d,1) -- enable mouse
+end
+
+function _bounce_screen(x)
+ return _bounce(x*128,128)
+end
+function _bounce(x,mx)
+	x=x%(mx * 2)
+	if (x>=mx)return mx-(x-mx)
+	return x
+end
+
+function _to_halfopen(x0,x1)
+ -- turn two numbers into a
+ -- half-open integer range
+ x0=flr(x0)
+ x1=flr(x1)
+ local lo=min(x0,x1)
+ local hi=max(x0,x1)
+ if (hi==lo) return lo,hi
+ return lo,hi-1
+end
+
+function _update60()
+ local t=time()/16
+ 
+	local bx0_=_bounce_screen(t*1)
+	local by0_=_bounce_screen(t*2)
+	local bx1_=_bounce_screen(t*3)
+	local by1_=_bounce_screen(t*4)
+	
+	bx0,bx1=_to_halfopen(bx0_,bx1_)
+	by0,by1=_to_halfopen(by0_,by1_)
+	
+	update_line()
+	
+	--[[
+ local lx0_=_bounce_screen(t*1.5)
+ local ly0_=_bounce_screen(t*2.5)
+ local lx1_=_bounce_screen(t*3.5)
+ local ly1_=_bounce_screen(t*4.5)
+	
+	lx0,lx1=lx0_,lx1_
+	ly0,ly1=ly0_,ly1_
+	]]--
+end
+
+was_down=false
+last_mx,last_my=nil,nil
+
+function update_line()
+ local mx,my=stat(32),stat(33)
+ local is_down=stat(34)!=0
+
+ if is_down then
+  if was_down then
+   lx1,ly1=mx,my
+  else
+  	lx0,ly0=mx,my
+  end
+ end
+ was_down=is_down
+ last_mx,last_my=mx,my
+end
+-->8
+function _draw()
+ cls(0)
+	rect(bx0,by0,bx1,by1,6)
+	--quickzot(lx1,ly1,2,lx1-lx0,ly1-ly0,10,9,8)
+ linefill(lx0, ly0, lx1, ly1, 2, 9)
+	line(lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,2)
+	local cmin, cmax = collides()
+	if cmin then
+	 local dx,dy=lx1-lx0,ly1-ly0
+	 line(lx0 + dx*cmin,
+	      ly0 + dy*cmin,
+	      lx0 + dx*cmax,
+	      ly0 + dy*cmax,
+	      11)
+	 pset(lx0 + dx*cmin,
+	      ly0 + dy*cmin,
+	      12)
+	end
+	
+	pset(last_mx,last_my,7)
+end
+-->8
+function zot_one(x, y, r, ir, dx, dy, hot, warm)
+ local x0, y0 = x-dx, y-dy
+ local rx,ry,irx,iry=r*sgn(dx),r*sgn(dy),ir*sgn(dx),ir*sgn(dy)
+ if warm then
+  line(x0+irx,y0-ry,x+rx,y-iry,warm)
+  line(x0-rx,y0+iry,x-irx,y+ry,warm)
+  --line(x0-rx,y0-ry,x+rx,y+ry,warm)
+ end
+ line(x0,y0,x+rx,y-iry,hot)
+ line(x0,y0,x-irx,y+ry,hot)
+ --line(x0,y0,x+rx,y+ry,hot)
+end
+
+function zot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0,y0,sdx,sdy=x-dx,y-dy,sgn(dx),sgn(dy)
+ local rx,ry=r*sdx,r*sdy
+ if cold then
+  rectfill(x0-rx,y0-ry,x0+rx,y0+ry,cold)
+  local sdxh,sdyh=sdx/2,sdy/2
+  line(x0-rx-sdxh,y0+ry+sdyh,x-rx,y+ry,cold)
+  line(x0+rx+sdxh,y0-ry-sdyh,x+rx,y-ry,cold)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0+i*sdx,y0-ry,x+rx,y-i*sdy,warm)
+  line(x0-rx,y0+i*sdy,x-i*sdx,y+ry,warm)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0,y0,x+rx,y-i*sdy,hot)
+  line(x0,y0,x-i*sdx,y+ry,hot)
+ end
+end
+
+function quickzot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0, y0, r2 = x-dx, y-dy, r/2
+ rectfill(x0-0.5-r2, y0-0.5-r2, x0+r2+0.5, y0+r2+0.5, cold)
+ local a = atan2(dx,dy)-0.25
+ local tdx,tdy=cos(a), sin(a)
+ for i=-r*0.65,r*0.65,0.65 do
+  line(x0+i*tdx, y0+i*tdy, x+i*tdx, y+i*tdy, warm)
+ end
+ rectfill(x-r2,y-r2,x+r2,y+r2,hot)
+end
+
+-- linefill x0 y0 x1 y1 r [col]
+-- draw a thicc line
+-- https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=39016
+function linefill(ax,ay,bx,by,r,c)
+ if(c) color(c)
+ local dx,dy=bx-ax,by-ay
+ -- avoid overflow
+ -- credits: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=28999
+ local d,n = abs(dx),abs(dy)
+ if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+ n/=d
+ d*=sqrt(n*n+1)
+ if(d<0.001) return
+ local ca,sa=dx/d,-dy/d
+
+ -- polygon points
+ local s={
+  {0,-r},{d,-r},{d,r},{0,r}
+ }
+ local u,v,spans=s[4][1],s[4][2],{}
+ local x0,y0=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+ for i=1,4 do
+  local u,v=unpack(s[i])
+  local x1,y1=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+  local _x1,_y1=x1,y1
+  if(y0>y1) x0,y0,x1,y1=x1,y1,x0,y0
+  local dx=(x1-x0)/(y1-y0)
+  if(y0<0) x0-=y0*dx y0=-1
+  local cy0=y0\1+1
+  -- sub-pix shift
+  x0+=(cy0-y0)*dx
+  for y=y0\1+1,min(y1\1,127) do
+   -- open span?
+   local span=spans[y]
+   if span then
+       rectfill(x0,y,span,y)
+   else
+       spans[y]=x0
+   end
+   x0+=dx
+  end
+  x0,y0=_x1,_y1
+ end
+end
+__gfx__
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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magnitest.p8

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+--magnitest.p8
+--accuracy and perf tests for
+--vector calculation logic
+
+-- profiler says 67 cycles
+-- 39 lua, 28 system
+function bbs28999alg(dx, dy)
+  local d = max(abs(dx),abs(dy))
+  local n = min(abs(dx),abs(dy)) / d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end
+
+-- profiler says 56 cycles
+-- 24 lua, 32 system
+function bbs28999algopt(dx, dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return (n*n + 1)^0.5 * d
+end
+
+-- profiler says 54 cycles
+-- 26 lua, 28 system
+function bbs28999algopt2(dx, dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end
+
+
+-- profiler says 18 cycles
+-- 18 lua, 0 system
+function trigalg(dx, dy)
+ local s = sin(atan2(dx,dy))
+ if (s==0) return abs(dx)
+ return abs(dy/s)
+end
+-->8
+function _init()
+ gdx,gdy=0,0
+ acc=1
+ magnitude = 1
+ tresult=0
+ bresult=0
+ delta=0
+ dp=0
+end
+
+function _update60()
+ if (btn(0)) gdx -= acc
+ if (btn(1)) gdx += acc
+ if (btn(2)) gdy -= acc
+ if (btn(3)) gdy += acc
+ if (btn(4) and btn(5)) gdx,gdy=0,0
+ gdx=mid(-16000,16000,gdx)
+ gdy=mid(-16000,16000,gdy)
+
+ if btn() == 0 or btn(4) then
+  acc = 1
+ elseif btn(5) then
+  acc *= 1.05
+ else
+  acc *= 1.02
+ end
+ if (acc > 1024) acc=1024
+
+ local a,b=abs(gdx),abs(gdy)
+ if (b>a) a,b=b,a
+ magnitude = 1
+ while magnitude < a/64 do
+  magnitude *= 2
+ end
+
+ bresult=bbs28999algopt2(gdx,gdy)
+ tresult=trigalg(gdx,gdy)
+ delta=tresult-bresult
+ dp=(2*abs(delta)/abs(abs(bresult)+abs(tresult)))*100
+ if (delta == 0) dp=0
+end
+
+cols = {
+ 6,7,
+ [4]=10,
+ [8]=9,
+ [16]=4,
+ [32]=14,
+ [64]=15,
+ [128]=11,
+ [256]=12,
+ [512]=13,
+ [1024]=8,
+}
+
+function _draw()
+ cls()
+ camera()
+ print("x: "..tostr(gdx).."  y: "..tostr(gdy).."\nbase: "..tostr(bresult).."\ntrig: "..tostr(tresult).."\n\ndiff: "..tostr(delta).."\n   %:"..tostr(dp),0,0,13)
+ print("⬆️⬇️⬅️➡️:move  ❎:fast 🅾️:slow\n❎+🅾️:reset position",0,117,12)
+ camera(-63,-63)
+ line(0,0,gdx/magnitude,gdy/magnitude,cols[magnitude] or 2)
+ rectfill(0,0,gdx/magnitude,0,5)
+ rectfill(0,0,0,gdy/magnitude,5)
+end
+
+__gfx__
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profiling.p8

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+-- prof: cpu cycle counter v1.4
+--  BY PANCELOR
+--[[------------------------
+
+
+use this cart to precisely
+measure code execution time
+
+--------------------------------
+         ★ overview ★
+--------------------------------
+| tab 0 | usage guide          |
+| tab 1 | (internals)          |
+| tab 2 | your code here       |
+--------------------------------
+
+
+-----------------------
+-- ★ usage guide ★ --
+-----------------------
+
+
+웃: i have two code snippets;
+    which one is faster?
+
+🐱: edit the last tab with your
+    snippets, then run the cart.
+    it will tell you precisely
+    how much cpu it takes to
+    run each snippet.
+
+    the results are also copied
+    to your clipboard.
+
+
+
+웃: what do the numbers mean?
+
+🐱: the cpu cost is reported
+    as lua and system cycle
+    counts. look up stat(1)
+    and stat(2) for more info.
+
+    if you're not sure, just
+    look at the first number.
+    lower is faster (better)
+
+
+
+웃: why "{locals={9}}"
+    in the example?
+
+🐱: accessing local variables
+    is faster than global vars.
+
+    so if your test involves
+    local variables, simulate
+    this by passing them in:
+
+      prof(function(a)
+        sqrt(a)
+      end,{ locals={9} })
+
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+    local values from outside
+    the current scope are also
+    slower to access! example:
+
+      global = 4
+      local outer = 4
+      prof(function(x)
+        local _ = x --fast
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = outer --slow
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = global --slow
+      end,{ locals={4} })
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+
+
+
+웃: can i do "prof(myfunc)"?
+
+🐱: no, this sometimes gives
+    wrong results! always use
+    inline functions:
+
+      prof(function()
+        --code for myfunc here
+      end)
+
+    as an example, "prof(sin)"
+    reports "-2" -- wrong! but
+    "prof(function()sin()end)"
+    correctly reports "4"
+
+    (see the technical notes at
+    the start of the next tab
+    for a brief explanation.
+    technically, "prof(myfunc)"
+    will work if myfunc was made
+    by the user, but you will
+    risk confusing yourself)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 2 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+this cart is based on
+code by samhocevar:
+https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?pid=60198#p
+
+if you do this method, be very
+careful with local/global vars.
+it's very easy to accidentally
+measure the wrong thing.
+
+here's an example of how to
+measure cycles (ignoring this
+cart and using the old method)
+
+  function _init()
+    local a=11.2 -- locals
+
+    local n=1024
+    flip()
+    local tot1,sys1=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do   end --calibrate
+    local tot2,sys2=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do local _=sqrt(a) end --measure
+    local tot3,sys3=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+    function cyc(t0,t1,t2) return ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))*128/n*256/stat(8)*256 end
+    local lua = cyc(tot1-sys1,tot2-sys2,tot3-sys3)
+    local sys = cyc(sys1,sys2,sys3)
+    print(lua.."+"..sys.."="..(lua+sys).." (lua+sys)")
+  end
+
+run this once, see the results,
+then change the "measure" line
+to some other code you want
+to measure.
+
+note: wrapping the code inside
+"_init()" is required, otherwise
+builtin functions like "sin"
+will be measured wrong.
+(the reason is explained at
+the start of the next tab)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 3 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+another way to measure cpu cost
+is to run something like this:
+
+  function _draw()
+    cls(1)
+    local x=9
+    for i=1,1000 do
+      local a=sqrt(x) --snippet1
+  --    local b=x^0.5 --snippet2
+    end
+  end
+
+while running, press ctrl-p to
+see the performance monitor.
+the middle number shows how much
+of cpu is being used, as a
+fraction. (0.60 = 60% used)
+
+now, change the comments on the
+two code snippets inside _draw()
+and re-run. compare the new
+result with the old to determine
+which snippet is faster.
+
+note: every loop iteration costs
+an additional 2 cycles, so the
+ratio of the two fractions will
+not match the ratio of the 
+execution time of the snippets.
+but this method can quickly tell
+you which snippet is faster.
+
+
+
+]]
+
+-->8
+--[[ profiler.lua
+more info: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=46117
+
+usage:
+  prof(function()
+    memcpy(0,0x200,64)
+  end,function()
+    poke4(0,peek4(0x200,16))
+  end)
+
+passing locals:
+  prof(
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=(a+1)*(b+1)-1
+    end,
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=a*b+a+b
+    end,
+    {locals={3,5}}
+  )
+
+getting global/local variables exactly right
+is very tricky; you should always use inline
+functions like above; if you try e.g. prof(sin)
+the results will be wrong.
+
+
+# minutiae / notes to self:
+---------------------------
+doing this at top-level is awkward:
+  for _=1,n do       end -- calibrate
+  for _=1,n do sin() end -- measure
+b/c sin is secretly local at top-level,
+so it gives a misleading result (3 cycles).
+do it inside _init instead for a
+more representative result (4 cycles).
+
+## separate issue:
+------------------
+if you call prof(sin), it gives the wrong result (-2 cycles) because
+it's comparing sin() against noop() (not truly nothing).
+but we want the noop() there for normal inline prof() calls,
+to avoid measuring the cost of the indirection
+(calling func() from inside prof() is irrelevant to
+how cpu-expensive func()'s body is)
+]]
+
+-- prof(fn1,fn2,...,fnN,[opts])
+--
+-- opts.locals: values to pass
+-- opts.name: text label
+-- opts.n: number of iterations
+function prof(...)
+  local funcs={...}
+  local opts=type(funcs[#funcs])=="table" and deli(funcs) or {}
+
+  -- build output string
+  local msg=""
+  local function log(s)
+    msg..=s.."\n"
+  end
+
+  if opts.name then
+    log("prof: "..opts.name)
+  end
+  for fn in all(funcs) do
+    local dat=prof_one(fn,opts)
+    log(sub("  "..dat.total,-3)
+      .." ("
+      ..dat.lua
+      .." lua, "
+      ..dat.sys
+      .." sys)")
+  end
+
+  -- copy to clipboard
+  printh(msg,"@clip")
+  -- print + pause
+  cls()
+  stop(msg)
+end
+
+function prof_one(func, opts)
+  opts = opts or {}
+  local n = opts.n or 0x200 --how many times to call func
+  local locals = opts.locals or {} --locals to pass func
+
+  -- we want to type
+  --   local m = 0x80_0000/n
+  -- but 8MHz is too large to fit in a pico-8 number,
+  -- so we do (0x80_0000>>16)/(n>>16) instead
+  -- (n is always an integer, so n>>16 won't lose any bits)
+  local m = 0x80/(n>>16)
+  assert(0x80/m << 16 == n, "n is too small") -- make sure m didn't overflow
+  local fps = stat(8)
+
+  -- given three timestamps (pre-calibration, middle, post-measurement),
+  --   calculate how many more CPU cycles func() took compared to noop()
+  -- derivation:
+  --   T := ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))/n (frames)
+  --     this is the extra time for each func call, compared to noop
+  --     this is measured in #-of-frames -- it will be a small fraction for most ops
+  --   F := 1/30 (seconds/frame) (or 1/60 if this test is running at 60fps)
+  --     this is just the framerate that the tests run at, not the framerate of your game
+  --   M := 256*256*128 = 0x80_0000 = 8MHz (cycles/second)
+  --     (PICO-8 runs at 8MHz; see https://www.lexaloffle.com/dl/docs/pico-8_manual.html#CPU)
+  --   cycles := T frames * F seconds/frame * M cycles/second
+  -- optimization / working around pico-8's fixed point numbers:
+  --   T2 := T*n = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+  --   M2 := M/n = (M>>16)/(n>>16) := m (e.g. when n is 0x1000, m is 0x800)
+  --   cycles := T2*M2*F
+  local function cycles(t0,t1,t2)
+    local diff = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+    local e1 = "must use inline functions -- see usage guide"
+    assert(0<=diff,e1)
+    local thresh = 0x7fff.ffff/(m/fps)
+    local e2 = "code is too large or slow -- try profiling manually with stat(1)"
+    assert(diff<=thresh,e2)
+    return diff*(m/fps)
+  end
+
+  local noop = function() end -- this must be local, because func is local
+  flip() --avoid flipping mid-measurement
+  local atot,asys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do noop(unpack(locals)) end -- calibrate
+  local btot,bsys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do func(unpack(locals)) end -- measure
+  local ctot,csys=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+  -- gather results
+  local tot=cycles(atot,btot,ctot)
+  local sys=cycles(asys,bsys,csys)
+  return {
+    lua=tot-sys,
+    sys=sys,
+    total=tot,
+  }
+end
+
+-->8
+-- your code here
+
+--edit me:
+prof(function(dx,dy)
+  local d = max(abs(dx),abs(dy))
+  local n = min(abs(dx),abs(dy)) / d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end,function(dx, dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return (n*n + 1)^0.5 * d
+end,function(dx,dy)
+  local d,n=abs(dx),abs(dy)
+  if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+  n/=d
+  return sqrt(n*n + 1) * d
+end,function(dx,dy)
+ local s = sin(atan2(dx,dy))
+ if (s==0) return abs(dx)
+ return abs(dy/s)
+end,{ locals={3,4} })
+
+-- "locals" (optional) are
+-- passed in as args. see the
+-- usage guide for details.
+
+__label__
+00006660000000006660000000006660000006006000606066600000066060600660060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006000060000006060666000006000000060006000606060600600600060606000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660666000006060000000006660000060006000606066606660666066606660006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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+00006060060000006060666000006060000060006000606060600600600060606000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006660666000006060000000006660000060006000606066606660666066606660006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000060060000006060666000000060000060006000606060600600006000600060006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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+
+__sfx__
+030100003052500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505005050050500505

vacuum_gambit.p8

@@ -29,28 +29,38 @@ end
 -- if tt.init is defined, generated
 -- new calls tt.init(ret) after
 -- ret is definitely not nil,
--- before calling setmetatable.
+-- after calling setmetatable.
 -- use to initialize mutables.
 --
 -- if there was a previous new,
--- it is invoked on the new
+-- it is invoked before
--- object *after* more, because
+-- setting tt's metatable, so
--- this works better with the
+-- each new will see its
--- `more` impls i use.
+-- inheritance chain.
 function mknew(tt)
- local mt,oldnew,more = {__index=tt},tt.new,rawget(tt, "init")
+ local mt,oldinit,more = {__index=tt},tt.superinit,rawget(tt, "init")
  tt.new=function(ret)
   if(not ret) ret = {}
-  if(more) more(ret)
+  ret.new = false
-  if(oldnew) oldnew(ret)
   setmetatable(ret, mt)
+  if(oldinit) oldinit(ret)
+  if (more) more(ret)
   return ret
  end
+
+ if oldinit and more then
+  tt.superinit = function(ret)
+   oldinit(ret)
+   more(ret)
+  end
+ elseif more then
+  tt.superinit = more
+ end
  return tt
 end
 
 -- intrusive singly-linked list.
--- cannot be nested!
+-- cannot be nested or crossed!
 linked_list = mknew{
  is_linked_list=true,
  init = function(x)
@@ -83,9 +93,7 @@ end
 
 -- strip calls f(x) for each
 -- node, removing each node for
--- which f(x) returns true. it
+-- which f(x) returns true.
--- returns the new tail; nil
--- if the list is now empty.
 function linked_list:strip(f)
  local p, n = self, self.next
  while n do
@@ -97,7 +105,22 @@ function linked_list:strip(f)
   n = n.next
  end
  self.tail = p
- return p
+end
+
+-- stripmove calls x:move() for
+-- each node, removing each node
+-- for which x:move() is true.
+function linked_list:stripmove()
+ local p, n = self, self.next
+ while n do
+  if n:move() then
+   p.next = n.next
+  else
+   p = n
+  end
+  n = n.next
+ end
+ self.tail = p
 end
 
 -- optimized special case -
@@ -159,8 +182,6 @@ function wipe_game()
  xpwhoosh = nil
  primary_ship = player.new()
  init_hpcols()
- pships = linked_list.new()
- pships:push_back(primary_ship)
  eships = linked_list.new()
  pbullets = linked_list.new()
  ebullets = linked_list.new()
@@ -178,14 +199,7 @@ end
 
 function _update60()
  mode:update()
-end
+ ustat = stat(1)
-
-function call_f(x)
- return x:f()
-end
-
-function call_move(x)
- return x:move()
 end
 
 function ones(n)
@@ -198,7 +212,8 @@ function ones(n)
 end
 
 function updategame()
- if (primary_ship.xp >= primary_ship.xptarget) and (gframe - primary_ship.last_xp_frame > 0x0.000f) and (not primary_ship.dead) then
+ local ps = primary_ship
+ if (ps.xp >= ps.xptarget) and (gframe - ps.last_xp_frame > 0x0.000f) and (not ps.dead) then
   mode = rearm_mode.new()
   return _update60()
  end
@@ -224,77 +239,50 @@ function updategame()
   interlude -= 1
  else
   current_wave = flotilla.new()
-  current_wave:load(0, 0, min(ones(waves_complete)\2, 4))
+  current_wave:load(rnd() > 0.5 and 7 or 0, 0, min(ones(waves_complete)\2, 4))
  end
  events:vore(new_events)
- events:strip(call_move)
+ for _, lst in ipairs{events, intangibles_bg, eships} do
- for _, lst in ipairs{intangibles_bg, pships, eships, pbullets, ebullets} do
+  lst:stripmove()
-  lst:strip(call_move)
  end
 
- pships:strip(
+	-- eship collider will be used
-  function(ps)
+ -- both for pship and pbullets.
-   local pbox, pded = hurtbox(ps), false
+ local eship_collider = collider.new{from=eships}
-   eships:strip(
-    function(es)
-     if (not collides(pbox, hurtbox(es))) return
-     pded = pded or ps:hitship(es)
-     return es:hitship(ps)
-    end
-   )
-   return pded
-  end
- )
- pships:strip(
-  function(ps)
-   local pbox, pded = hurtbox(ps), false
-   ebullets:strip(
-    function(eb)
-     if (not collides(pbox, hurtbox(eb))) return
-     pded = pded or ps:hitbullet(eb)
-     return eb:hitship(ps)
-    end
-   )
-   return pded
-  end
- )
 
-	-- many bullets and many enemy ships;
+ if not ps.dead then
-	-- use bucket collider for efficiency
+  ps:move()
- local pbullet_collider = collider.new()
+  local pbox = hurtbox(ps)
- local p, n = pbullets, pbullets.next
+  for es in eship_collider:iterate_collisions(pbox) do
- while n do
+   ps:hitship(es)
-  n.prev = p
+   if(es:hitship(ps)) eship_collider:yoink(es)
-  pbullet_collider:insert(n)
+  end
-  p = n
+  ebullets:strip(function(eb)
-  n = p.next
+   if (eb:move()) return true
+   if (not collides(pbox, hurtbox(eb))) return
+   ps:hitbullet(eb)
+   return eb:hitship(ps)
+  end)
+ else
+  ebullets:stripmove()
  end
 
- eships:strip(
+ pbullets:strip(function(pb)
-  function(es)
+  if (pb:move()) return true
-   for pb in all(pbullet_collider:get_collisions(es)) do
+  for es in eship_collider:iterate_collisions(hurtbox(pb)) do
-    if pb:hitship(es) then
+   if (es:hitbullet(pb)) eship_collider:yoink(es)
-     pbullet_collider:hide(pb)
+   if (pb:hitship(es)) return true
-     pb.prev.next = pb.next
-     if pb.next then
-      pb.next.prev = pb.prev
-     else
-      pbullets.tail = pb.prev
-     end
-    end
-    if (es:hitbullet(pb)) return true
-   end
   end
- )
+ end)
  
- intangibles_fg:strip(call_move)
+ intangibles_fg:stripmove()
 
 	if waves_complete == 32767 and not eships.next and not ebullets.next and not events.next then
 	  game_state = win
 	end
-	if (not pships.next) game_state = lose
+	if (ps.dead) game_state = lose
 
- if primary_ship.xp >= primary_ship.xptarget then
+ if ps.xp >= ps.xptarget then
   if not xpwhoosh then
    xpwhoosh = 0
   else
@@ -308,6 +296,8 @@ end
 
 function _draw()
  mode:draw()
+ local ds = stat(1)
+ print(tostr(ustat).." + "..tostr(ds-ustat), 0, 122, 7)
 end
 
 function drawgame_top()
@@ -383,8 +373,8 @@ end
 function drawgame()
  clip(0,0,112,128)
  rectfill(0,0,112,128,0)
- for slist in all{intangibles_bg, pbullets, pships, eships, ebullets, intangibles_fg} do
+ for drawable in all{intangibles_bg, pbullets, primary_ship, eships, ebullets, intangibles_fg} do
-  slist:draw()
+  drawable:draw()
  end
  clip(0,0,128,128)
  drawhud()
@@ -520,8 +510,6 @@ ship_m = mknew{
  shieldpenalty = 0x0.012c, --5s
  shield_refresh_ready = 0,
  
- slip = true,  -- most enemies slide
- 
  xmomentum = 0,
  ymomentum = 0,
 
@@ -600,30 +588,28 @@ end
 function ship_m:move()
  self:refresh_shield()
  local dx, dy, shoot_spec1, shoot_spec2 = self:act()
- dx = self:constrain(self.x, self.xmomentum, self.xmin, self.xmax, dx)
+ local sg, xm, ym = self.special_guns, self.xmomentum, self.ymomentum
- dy = self:constrain(self.y, self.ymomentum, self.ymin, self.ymax, dy)
+ dx = self:constrain(self.x, xm, self.xmin, self.xmax, dx)
+ dy = self:constrain(self.y, ym, self.ymin, self.ymax, dy)
  self:maybe_shoot(self.main_gun)
- if (shoot_spec1 and self.special_guns) self:maybe_shoot(self.special_guns[1])
+ if sg then
- if (shoot_spec2 and self.special_guns) self:maybe_shoot(self.special_guns[2])
+  if (shoot_spec1) self:maybe_shoot(sg[1])
- if (dx ~= 0 or dy ~= 0) spark(self.sparks, self.x + 4*self.size, self.y + 4*self.size, dx*2.5, dy*2.5, self.sparkodds)
+  if (shoot_spec2) self:maybe_shoot(sg[2])
- self.xmomentum = self:calc_velocity(self.xmomentum, dx)
- self.ymomentum = self:calc_velocity(self.ymomentum, dy)
-
- self.x += self.xmomentum
- self.y += self.ymomentum
- 
- -- "scrolling" behavior
- if self.slip then
-  self.y += scrollrate
-  if self.y >= 128 then
-   self:die()
-   return true
-  end
  end
+ spark(self.sparks, self.x + 4*self.size, self.y + 4*self.size, dx*2.5, dy*2.5, self.sparkodds)
+ xm = self:calc_velocity(xm, dx)
+ ym = self:calc_velocity(ym, dy)
+
+ self.x += xm
+ self.y += ym
+ self.xmomentum = xm
+ self.ymomentum = ym
+
  return false
 end
 
 function ship_m:draw()
+ if (self.dead) return
  if(self.fx_pal) pal(self.fx_pal)
  spr(self.sprite, self.x, self.y, self.size, self.size)
  pal()
@@ -713,12 +699,14 @@ end
 --   default: die, return true.
 --   returns whether to delete
 --   the bullet
--- die -- on-removal event,
+bullet_base = mknew{}
---   default no-op
-bullet_base = mknew{ }
 
 gun_base = mknew{ 
  shoot_ready = -32768,
+ new_clip = -32768,
+ clip_size = false,
+ clip_remain = 0,
+ clip_interval = 0x0.80,
  icon = 20,
  ammobonus = 1,
 
@@ -726,6 +714,27 @@ gun_base = mknew{
  -- cooldown reduction from
  -- upgrades, not yet applied
  cd_remainder = 0,
+
+ veloc = 1,
+ aim = 0.75, -- down; 0.25, or -0.75, is up
+ shot_idx = 0,
+ -- shots: list<list<[3]num>>
+ --  describing a cycling
+ --  firing pattern. shot_idx
+ --  tracks offset into pattern.
+ -- each nested list: a burst
+ --  of shots to fire; takes
+ --  1 ammo; sequential
+ -- each shot: angle (turns,
+ --  relative to `aim`),
+ --  firing x-offset, velocity;
+ --   if x-offset is nil, use 0;
+ --   if velocity is nil, use
+ --    self.veloc instead
+
+ init = function(self)
+  if (not self.shots) self.shots = {{{0}}}
+ end
 }
 
 -- gun_base subtypes are
@@ -750,12 +759,6 @@ function gun_base:peel()
  self.munition = mknew(self.munition.new())
 end
 
--- default firing behavior:
--- single shot
-function gun_base:actually_shoot(x, y)
- self.munition.new{}:spawn_at(x, y)
-end
-
 -- upgrade 
 function gun_base:small_upgrade_opts()
  local ret = {
@@ -819,22 +822,17 @@ remainder:
 end
 
 function bullet_base:hitship(_)
- self:die()
  return true
 end
 
-function bullet_base:die()
-end
-
 function bullet_base:move()
- self.x += self.dx
+ local x,y,f = self.x + self.dx, self.y+self.dy,self.f
- self.y += self.dy
+ self.x,self.y=x,y
- if (self.f) self.f -= 1
+ if f then
- if (self.y > 145) or (self.y < -8 * self.height) or (self.f and self.f < 0) then
+  self.f = f-1
-  self:die()
+  if (f <= 0) return true
-  return true
  end
- return false
+ return (y> 130) or (y < -(self.height<<3)) or (x > 128) or (x < -(self.width<<3))
 end
 
 function bullet_base:draw()
@@ -849,55 +847,79 @@ end
 
 function gun_base:shoot(x, y)
  if (gframe < self.shoot_ready) return false
+ local csz,crm = self.clip_size, self.clip_remain
+ if csz then
+  if crm < csz and gframe >= self.new_clip then
+   self.clip_remain = csz
+   self.new_clip = gframe + self.clip_interval
+  elseif crm == 0 then
+   return false
+  end
+ end
  if self.ammo then
   if (self.ammo <= 0) return false
   self.ammo -= 1
  end
+ if csz then
+  self.clip_remain -= 1
+ end
  self.shoot_ready = gframe + self.cooldown
  self:actually_shoot(x, y)
  return true
 end
 
+function gun_base:actually_shoot(x, y)
+ local shots,veloc,aim,munition = self.shots,self.veloc,self.aim,self.munition
+ local idx = self.shot_idx % #shots + 1
+ self.shot_idx = idx
+ shots = shots[idx]
+ for s in all(shots) do
+  local a,xo,v = s[1]+aim, s[2] or 0, s[3] or veloc
+  -- reverse x-offset for negative base angle
+  if (aim < 0) xo = -xo
+  -- todo: switch munition
+  --  depending on angle
+  --  (allows for non-round
+  --   sprites and hitboxes on
+  --   shots from guns with
+  --   widely varying angles)
+  local m = munition.new{
+   dx=cos(a)*v,
+   dy=sin(a)*v
+  }
+  m:spawn_at(x+xo, y)
+ end
+end
+
+
 -->8
 -- bullets and guns
 
-zap_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+zap_p = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  --shape
- sprite = 9, --index of ammo sprite
+ sprite = 8, --index of ammo sprite
- width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
+ width = 0.25, --in 8x8 blocks
  height = 1,
  hurt = { -- hurtbox - where this ship can be hit
   x_off = 0, -- upper left corner
   y_off = 0, -- relative to sprite
   width = 2,
-  height = 8
+  height = 8,
  },
  x_off = 1, -- how to position by ship
- y_off = 8,
+ y_off = 0,
- 
  damage = 1,
- dx = 0,  -- px/frame
- dy = 4,
 
  hitship = const_fxn(true),
 
- category = enemy_blt_cat,
-})
-
-zap_p = mknew(zap_e.new{
- sprite = 8,
- dy = -8,
- y_off = 0,
  category = player_blt_cat,
 })
 
-zap_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
+zap_gun_p = mknew(gun_base.new{
- cooldown = 0x0.0020, -- frames between shots
- munition = zap_e,
-})
-
-zap_gun_p = mknew(zap_gun_e.new{
  icon = 19,
+ cooldown = 0x0.0020, -- frames between shots
+ veloc = 7,
+ aim = 0.25,
  munition = zap_p,
  hdr = "mAIN gUN",
 })
@@ -955,6 +977,7 @@ blast = mknew(bullet_base.new{
 blast_gun = mknew(gun_base.new{
  icon = 13,
  cooldown = 0x0.0078, -- 120 frames between shots
+ aim = -0.75,
  ammo = 5,
  maxammo = 5,
  munition = blast,
@@ -987,8 +1010,6 @@ protron_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  y_off = 4,
  
  damage = 1,
- dym = 0.5, -- gun sets dy;
-             -- this is mult
  category = enemy_blt_cat,
 })
 
@@ -1004,34 +1025,17 @@ protron_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
  cooldown = 0x0.0040, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil,
  maxammo = nil,
- munition = protron_e
+ munition = protron_e,
+ veloc = 2,
+ shots = {{{-0.25}, {-0.165}, {-0.0825}, {0}, {0.0825}, {0.165}, {0.25}}}
 })
 
-function protron_gun_e:actually_shoot(x, y)
- local m = self.munition.dym
- for i=1,3 do
-  local b = self.munition.new{
-   dx = i*m,
-   dy = (4-i)*m,
-  }
-  b:spawn_at(x,y)
-  local b2 = self.munition.new{
-   dx = -i*m,
-   dy = (4-i)*m,
-  }
-  b2:spawn_at(x,y)
- end
- local bup = self.munition.new{
-  dx=0,
-  dy=4*m,
- }
- bup:spawn_at(x,y)
-end
-
 protron_gun_p = mknew(protron_gun_e.new{
  munition = protron_p,
  maxammo = 20,
  cooldown = 0x0.0018,
+ veloc = 4,
+ aim = -0.75,
  hdr = "pROTRON",
  body = [[---------GUN
 
@@ -1048,8 +1052,8 @@ rate: 2/sec
 vulcan_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 21,
- width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
+ width = 0.125, --in 8x8 blocks
- height = 1,
+ height = 0.5,
  hurt = { -- hurtbox - where this ship can be hit
   x_off = 0, -- upper left corner
   y_off = 0, -- relative to sprite
@@ -1060,41 +1064,37 @@ vulcan_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  y_off = 0,
  
  damage = 0.5,
- -- dx from gun
- dy = 2,
  category=enemy_blt_cat
 })
 
 vulcan_p = mknew(vulcan_e.new{
  sprite=22,
  y_off = 4,
- dy = -4,
  category=player_blt_cat
 })
 
 vulcan_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
  icon = 37,
- enemy = false,
  cooldown = 0x0.0003, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil,
  maxammo = nil,
  munition=vulcan_e,
- dxs = {0.35, -0.35, -0.7, 0.7, 0.35, -0.35},
+ veloc = 2,
- xoffs = {1, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1},
+ shots = {{{0.02, 2}}, {{-0.02,0}}, {{-0.03, -2}}, {{0.03, 2}}, {{0.02, 0}}, {{-0.02, -2}}}
- dxidx = 1,
+})
- actually_shoot = function(self, x, y)
+
-  local b = self.munition.new{
+machine_gun_e = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
-   dx = self.dxs[self.dxidx],
+ icon = 38,
-  }
+ clip_size = 12,
-  b:spawn_at(self.xoffs[self.dxidx]+x,y)
+ clip_interval = 0x0.005a,
-  self.dxidx += 1
+ shots = {{{0, 2}}, {{0, -2}}}
-  if (self.dxidx > #self.dxs) self.dxidx = 1
- end
 })
 
 vulcan_gun_p = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
  munition=vulcan_p,
  maxammo = 100,
+ aim=-0.75,
+ veloc=4,
  hdr = "vULCAN",
  body = [[---------GUN
 
@@ -1156,7 +1156,6 @@ player = mknew(ship_m.new{
  thrust = 0.1875, -- momentum added from button
  ymin = 0, ymax = 120, -- stay on screen
  drag = 0.0625, -- momentum lost per frame
- slip = false, -- does not slide down screen
  act = function(self)  -- fetch buttons
   local b,th = btn(),self.thrust
   local blr = b&0x3
@@ -1312,10 +1311,9 @@ chasey = mknew(ship_m.new{
  maxspd = 2,
  thrust = 0.2,
  drag = 0.075,
- slip = true,
 
  init = function(ship)
-  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
+  --ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
  end
 })
 
@@ -1340,7 +1338,6 @@ xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
  hp = 19.5,
  shield = 5,
  boss = true,
- slip = false,
  act = function(self)
   local dx,dy,shoot_spec,shoot_main = chasey.act(self)
   if (self.y < 4) dy=self.thrust
@@ -1351,9 +1348,6 @@ xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
   sspr(40, 0, 8, 8, self.x, self.y, 16, 16)
   pal()
  end,
- init = function(ship)
-  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
- end,
 })
 
 -- flotilla ships
@@ -1365,16 +1359,20 @@ ship_f = mknew(ship_m.new{
  -- no sparks
  hp = 0.5,
  xp = 0x0.0001,
+ fire_off_x = 4,
+ fire_off_y = 4,
 
  maxspd = 3,
  thrust = 0.1,
  drag = 0.05,
- slip = false,
  act = function(self)
   local wx,wy=self.want_x,self.want_y
   self.xmin,self.xmax,self.ymin,self.ymax = wx,wx,wy,wy
   return 0,0,false,false
  end,
+ init = function(self)
+  if (self.gun_proto) self.main_gun = self.gun_proto.new()
+ end
 })
 
 ship_mook = mknew(ship_f.new{
@@ -1388,12 +1386,14 @@ ship_defender = mknew(ship_f.new{
 ship_turret = mknew(ship_f.new{
  sprite=106,
  xp = 0x0.0002,
+ gun_proto = machine_gun_e,
 })
 ship_skirmisher = mknew(ship_f.new{
  sprite=107,
  xp = 0x0.0004,
- spark = smokespark,
+ sparks = smokespark,
- sparkodds = 4,
+ sparkodds = 3,
+ fire_off_y = 7,
 })
 
 function rnd_spawn_loc()
@@ -1419,6 +1419,22 @@ end
 collider = mknew{
  init = function(x)
   x.suppress = {}
+  local p, n = x.from, x.from.next
+  while n do
+   -- insert
+   for i in all(collider_indexes(hurtbox(n))) do
+    local a = x[i]
+    if not a then
+     a = {}
+     x[i] = a
+    end
+    add(a, n)
+   end
+   -- prepare yoink
+   n.prev = p
+   p = n
+   n = n.next
+  end
  end,
 }
 
@@ -1432,40 +1448,39 @@ function collider_indexes(box)
  return ret
 end
 
-function collider:insert(item)
+function collider:yoink(item)
- -- todo: separate "big items" list?
- local bdx = collider_indexes(hurtbox(item))
- for i in all(bdx) do
-  local x = self[i]
-  if not x then
-   x = {}
-   self[i] = x
-  end
-  add(x, item)
- end
-end
-
-function collider:hide(item)
  self.suppress[item]=true
+ local p,n = item.prev,item.next
+ p.next = n
+ if n then
+  n.prev = p
+ else
+  self.from.tail = p
+ end
 end
 
-function collider:get_collisions(item)
+function collider:iterate_collisions(box)
- local found = { }
  local seen = { }
- local box = hurtbox(item)
  local bucket_ids = collider_indexes(box)
- for b_idx in all(bucket_ids) do
+ local bii, bidl, bucket, bi, blen = 1, #bucket_ids, false, 1, 0
-  local bucket = self[b_idx]
+ return function()
-  if bucket then
+  while bii <= bidl do
-   for candidate in all(bucket) do
+   if not bucket then
-    if not (seen[candidate] or self.suppress[candidate]) then
+    bucket,blen = self[bucket_ids[bii]],0
-     seen[candidate] = true
+    if (bucket) blen=#bucket
-     if (collides(box, hurtbox(candidate))) add(found, candidate)
-    end
    end
+   while bi <= blen do
+    local candidate = bucket[bi]
+    bi += 1
+    if not seen[candidate] then
+     seen[candidate] = true
+     if (not self.suppress[candidate] and collides(box, hurtbox(candidate))) return candidate
+    end
+   end -- done with this bucket
+   bi=1
+   bii += 1
   end
- end
+ end -- end of closure def
- return found
 end
 
 -->8
@@ -1695,15 +1710,15 @@ function spark_particle:draw()
 end
 
 function spark(sprs, x, y, dx, dy, odds, fg)
- if (sprs==nil or flr(rnd(odds)) ~= 0) return
+ if (sprs==nil or flr(rnd(odds) or (abs(dx) < 0.5 and abs(dy))) ~= 0) return
  local target = fg and intangibles_fg or intangibles_bg
  target:push_back(spark_particle.new{
   x = x + rnd(4) - 2,
   y = y + rnd(4) - 2,
   sprs = sprs,
   sidx = 1,
-  dx = dx + rnd(2) - 1,
+  dx = dx * rnd(2),
-  dy = dy + rnd(2) - 1,
+  dy = dy * rnd(2),
  })
 end
 -->8
@@ -1744,7 +1759,6 @@ function xp_gem:draw()
 end
 
 function xp_gem:move()
- 
  if not primary_ship.dead and abs(self.x + 1 - primary_ship.x - primary_ship.hurt.x_off) <= primary_ship.magnet and abs(self.y + 1 - primary_ship.y - primary_ship.hurt.y_off) <= primary_ship.magnet then
   if (self.x < primary_ship.x + 3) self.x += 1
   if (self.x > primary_ship.x + 5) self.x -= 1
@@ -1754,9 +1768,6 @@ function xp_gem:move()
  return bullet_base.move(self)
 end
 
--- todo: "magnetic" behavior
--- when near player ship
-
 function xp_gem:hitship(ship)
  if (ship ~= primary_ship or primary_ship.dead) return false
  primary_ship.xp += self.val
@@ -1809,6 +1820,7 @@ end
 
 -- add a new gun
 function spec_gun_opts()
+ -- todo: avoid duplicates
  return pick(spec_gunt, 2)
 end
 
@@ -1830,7 +1842,6 @@ end
 
 -- ordinary upgrades
 function small_opts()
- -- todo: include gun opts
  if(not primary_ship.special_guns) return pick(primary_ship:small_upgrade_opts(), 2)
  local opts = {rnd(primary_ship:small_upgrade_opts())}
  for g in all(primary_ship.special_guns) do
@@ -1911,7 +1922,10 @@ function rearm_mode:shuffle()
  -- until the upgrade deck
  -- is a thing that exists
  local lev = primary_ship.level + 1
- if lev == 4 or lev == 12 then
+
+ -- for testing: more guns really early
+ -- if lev == 4 or lev == 12 then
+ if lev == 2 or lev == 3 then
   self.options = spec_gun_opts()
  elseif lev % 4 == 0 then
   self.options = big_opts()
@@ -2003,8 +2017,8 @@ __gfx__
 00077000067c665000000000cdd10cd10b3dd350094dd42000c0000cb3350b35b7000000a8000000e88e2882484e24423ba77ab328a77a820000000000000000
 00077000067d665000000000cd10cdd100b3350000944200c0000000b350b335b7000000a8000000e88e2882e84e28823ba77ab328a77a820000000000000000
 0070070065666765000000000ddddd100b33355009444220c000000c03333350b7000000a800000008888820048488203bbaabb3288aa8820000000000000000
-000000006506506500000000001111000b0b5050090920200c0000c00055550037000000a2000000008882000048420003bbbb30028888200000000000000000
+000000006506506500000000001111000b0b5050090920200c0000c000555500b7000000a2000000008882000048420003bbbb30028888200000000000000000
-00000000650000650000000000000000000b50000009200000c0cc00000000003b00000082000000000820000008200000333300002222000000000000000000
+00000000650000650000000000000000000b50000009200000c0cc0000000000b700000082000000000820000008200000333300002222000000000000000000
 0000000000065000000650000003b0000070070080000000700000000bb0000008800000000000000009200000000000cccccccd000650000000000000000000
 000000000067500000076500000370000005500080000000b0000000b76300008a920000000000009009200200000000c111111d006765000000000000000000
 00000000006d6500006d6500000b7000700660079000000030000000b663000089920000000550009994444200000000c111111d006d65000000000000000000
@@ -2195,8 +2209,11 @@ __gff__
 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000212060a0e01091119000000000000002232363a3e050d151d
 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 __map__
-00006b6b00006f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00006b6b00006f6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-7b6a00006a7b6e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+7b6a00006a7b6e6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-7778686878776c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+7778686878776c6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-6767777767676c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+6767777767676c6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-7877676777787d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+7877676777787d6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000006a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000006a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000006a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6a7c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

zotprofiling.p8

@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
+version 42
+__lua__
+-- prof: cpu cycle counter v1.4
+--  BY PANCELOR
+--[[------------------------
+
+
+use this cart to precisely
+measure code execution time
+
+--------------------------------
+         ★ overview ★
+--------------------------------
+| tab 0 | usage guide          |
+| tab 1 | (internals)          |
+| tab 2 | your code here       |
+--------------------------------
+
+
+-----------------------
+-- ★ usage guide ★ --
+-----------------------
+
+
+웃: i have two code snippets;
+    which one is faster?
+
+🐱: edit the last tab with your
+    snippets, then run the cart.
+    it will tell you precisely
+    how much cpu it takes to
+    run each snippet.
+
+    the results are also copied
+    to your clipboard.
+
+
+
+웃: what do the numbers mean?
+
+🐱: the cpu cost is reported
+    as lua and system cycle
+    counts. look up stat(1)
+    and stat(2) for more info.
+
+    if you're not sure, just
+    look at the first number.
+    lower is faster (better)
+
+
+
+웃: why "{locals={9}}"
+    in the example?
+
+🐱: accessing local variables
+    is faster than global vars.
+
+    so if your test involves
+    local variables, simulate
+    this by passing them in:
+
+      prof(function(a)
+        sqrt(a)
+      end,{ locals={9} })
+
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+    local values from outside
+    the current scope are also
+    slower to access! example:
+
+      global = 4
+      local outer = 4
+      prof(function(x)
+        local _ = x --fast
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = outer --slow
+      end,function(x)
+        local _ = global --slow
+      end,{ locals={4} })
+    /!\     /!\     /!\     /!\
+
+
+
+웃: can i do "prof(myfunc)"?
+
+🐱: no, this sometimes gives
+    wrong results! always use
+    inline functions:
+
+      prof(function()
+        --code for myfunc here
+      end)
+
+    as an example, "prof(sin)"
+    reports "-2" -- wrong! but
+    "prof(function()sin()end)"
+    correctly reports "4"
+
+    (see the technical notes at
+    the start of the next tab
+    for a brief explanation.
+    technically, "prof(myfunc)"
+    will work if myfunc was made
+    by the user, but you will
+    risk confusing yourself)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 2 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+this cart is based on
+code by samhocevar:
+https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?pid=60198#p
+
+if you do this method, be very
+careful with local/global vars.
+it's very easy to accidentally
+measure the wrong thing.
+
+here's an example of how to
+measure cycles (ignoring this
+cart and using the old method)
+
+  function _init()
+    local a=11.2 -- locals
+
+    local n=1024
+    flip()
+    local tot1,sys1=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do   end --calibrate
+    local tot2,sys2=stat(1),stat(2)
+    for i=1,n do local _=sqrt(a) end --measure
+    local tot3,sys3=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+    function cyc(t0,t1,t2) return ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))*128/n*256/stat(8)*256 end
+    local lua = cyc(tot1-sys1,tot2-sys2,tot3-sys3)
+    local sys = cyc(sys1,sys2,sys3)
+    print(lua.."+"..sys.."="..(lua+sys).." (lua+sys)")
+  end
+
+run this once, see the results,
+then change the "measure" line
+to some other code you want
+to measure.
+
+note: wrapping the code inside
+"_init()" is required, otherwise
+builtin functions like "sin"
+will be measured wrong.
+(the reason is explained at
+the start of the next tab)
+
+
+
+---------------
+ ★ method 3 ★
+---------------
+
+
+
+another way to measure cpu cost
+is to run something like this:
+
+  function _draw()
+    cls(1)
+    local x=9
+    for i=1,1000 do
+      local a=sqrt(x) --snippet1
+  --    local b=x^0.5 --snippet2
+    end
+  end
+
+while running, press ctrl-p to
+see the performance monitor.
+the middle number shows how much
+of cpu is being used, as a
+fraction. (0.60 = 60% used)
+
+now, change the comments on the
+two code snippets inside _draw()
+and re-run. compare the new
+result with the old to determine
+which snippet is faster.
+
+note: every loop iteration costs
+an additional 2 cycles, so the
+ratio of the two fractions will
+not match the ratio of the 
+execution time of the snippets.
+but this method can quickly tell
+you which snippet is faster.
+
+
+
+]]
+
+-->8
+--[[ profiler.lua
+more info: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=46117
+
+usage:
+  prof(function()
+    memcpy(0,0x200,64)
+  end,function()
+    poke4(0,peek4(0x200,16))
+  end)
+
+passing locals:
+  prof(
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=(a+1)*(b+1)-1
+    end,
+    function(a,b)
+      local c=a*b+a+b
+    end,
+    {locals={3,5}}
+  )
+
+getting global/local variables exactly right
+is very tricky; you should always use inline
+functions like above; if you try e.g. prof(sin)
+the results will be wrong.
+
+
+# minutiae / notes to self:
+---------------------------
+doing this at top-level is awkward:
+  for _=1,n do       end -- calibrate
+  for _=1,n do sin() end -- measure
+b/c sin is secretly local at top-level,
+so it gives a misleading result (3 cycles).
+do it inside _init instead for a
+more representative result (4 cycles).
+
+## separate issue:
+------------------
+if you call prof(sin), it gives the wrong result (-2 cycles) because
+it's comparing sin() against noop() (not truly nothing).
+but we want the noop() there for normal inline prof() calls,
+to avoid measuring the cost of the indirection
+(calling func() from inside prof() is irrelevant to
+how cpu-expensive func()'s body is)
+]]
+
+-- prof(fn1,fn2,...,fnN,[opts])
+--
+-- opts.locals: values to pass
+-- opts.name: text label
+-- opts.n: number of iterations
+function prof(...)
+  cls()
+  local funcs={...}
+  local opts=type(funcs[#funcs])=="table" and deli(funcs) or {}
+
+  -- build output string
+  local msg=""
+  local function log(s)
+    msg..=s.."\n"
+  end
+
+  if opts.name then
+    log("prof: "..opts.name)
+  end
+  for fn in all(funcs) do
+    local dat=prof_one(fn,opts)
+    log(sub("  "..dat.total,-3)
+      .." ("
+      ..dat.lua
+      .." lua, "
+      ..dat.sys
+      .." sys)")
+  end
+
+  -- copy to clipboard
+  printh(msg,"@clip")
+  -- print + pause
+  while btn() == 0 do
+   flip()
+  end
+  color(6)
+  stop(msg)
+end
+
+function prof_one(func, opts)
+  opts = opts or {}
+  local n = opts.n or 0x200 --how many times to call func
+  local locals = opts.locals or {} --locals to pass func
+
+  -- we want to type
+  --   local m = 0x80_0000/n
+  -- but 8MHz is too large to fit in a pico-8 number,
+  -- so we do (0x80_0000>>16)/(n>>16) instead
+  -- (n is always an integer, so n>>16 won't lose any bits)
+  local m = 0x80/(n>>16)
+  assert(0x80/m << 16 == n, "n is too small") -- make sure m didn't overflow
+  local fps = stat(8)
+
+  -- given three timestamps (pre-calibration, middle, post-measurement),
+  --   calculate how many more CPU cycles func() took compared to noop()
+  -- derivation:
+  --   T := ((t2-t1)-(t1-t0))/n (frames)
+  --     this is the extra time for each func call, compared to noop
+  --     this is measured in #-of-frames -- it will be a small fraction for most ops
+  --   F := 1/30 (seconds/frame) (or 1/60 if this test is running at 60fps)
+  --     this is just the framerate that the tests run at, not the framerate of your game
+  --   M := 256*256*128 = 0x80_0000 = 8MHz (cycles/second)
+  --     (PICO-8 runs at 8MHz; see https://www.lexaloffle.com/dl/docs/pico-8_manual.html#CPU)
+  --   cycles := T frames * F seconds/frame * M cycles/second
+  -- optimization / working around pico-8's fixed point numbers:
+  --   T2 := T*n = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+  --   M2 := M/n = (M>>16)/(n>>16) := m (e.g. when n is 0x1000, m is 0x800)
+  --   cycles := T2*M2*F
+  local function cycles(t0,t1,t2)
+    local diff = (t2-t1)-(t1-t0)
+    local e1 = "must use inline functions -- see usage guide"
+    assert(0<=diff,e1)
+    local thresh = 0x7fff.ffff/(m/fps)
+    local e2 = "code is too large or slow -- try profiling manually with stat(1)"
+    assert(diff<=thresh,e2)
+    return diff*(m/fps)
+  end
+
+  local noop = function() end -- this must be local, because func is local
+  flip() --avoid flipping mid-measurement
+  local atot,asys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do noop(unpack(locals)) end -- calibrate
+  local btot,bsys=stat(1),stat(2)
+  for _=1,n do func(unpack(locals)) end -- measure
+  local ctot,csys=stat(1),stat(2)
+
+  -- gather results
+  local tot=cycles(atot,btot,ctot)
+  local sys=cycles(asys,bsys,csys)
+  return {
+    lua=tot-sys,
+    sys=sys,
+    total=tot,
+  }
+end
+
+-->8
+-- your code here
+
+--edit me:
+
+function linefill(ax,ay,dx,dy,r,c)
+ if(c) color(c)
+ -- avoid overflow
+ -- credits: https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=28999
+ local d,n = abs(dx),abs(dy)
+ if (d<n) d,n=n,d
+ n/=d
+ d*=sqrt(n*n+1)
+ if(d<0.001) return
+ local ca,sa=dx/d,-dy/d
+
+ -- polygon points
+ local s={
+  {0,-r},{d,-r},{d,r},{0,r}
+ }
+ local u,v,spans=s[4][1],s[4][2],{}
+ local x0,y0=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+ for i=1,4 do
+  local u,v=unpack(s[i])
+  local x1,y1=ax+u*ca+v*sa,ay-u*sa+v*ca
+  local _x1,_y1=x1,y1
+  if(y0>y1) x0,y0,x1,y1=x1,y1,x0,y0
+  local dx=(x1-x0)/(y1-y0)
+  if(y0<0) x0-=y0*dx y0=-1
+  local cy0=y0\1+1
+  -- sub-pix shift
+  x0+=(cy0-y0)*dx
+  for y=y0\1+1,min(y1\1,127) do
+   -- open span?
+   local span=spans[y]
+   if span then
+       rectfill(x0,y,span,y)
+   else
+       spans[y]=x0
+   end
+   x0+=dx
+  end
+  x0,y0=_x1,_y1
+ end
+end
+
+function quickzot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0, y0, r2 = x-dx, y-dy, r/2
+ rectfill(x0-0.5-r2, y0-0.5-r2, x0+r2+0.5, y0+r2+0.5, cold)
+ local a = atan2(dx,dy)-0.25
+ local tdx,tdy=cos(a), sin(a)
+ for i=-r*0.65,r*0.65,0.65 do
+  line(x0+i*tdx, y0+i*tdy, x+i*tdx, y+i*tdy, warm)
+ end
+ rectfill(x-r2,y-r2,x+r2,y+r2,hot)
+end
+
+function zot(x,y,r,dx,dy,hot,warm,cold)
+ local x0,y0,sdx,sdy=x-dx,y-dy,sgn(dx),sgn(dy)
+ local rx,ry=r*sdx,r*sdy
+ if cold then
+  rectfill(x0-rx,y0-ry,x0+rx,y0+ry,cold)
+  local sdxh,sdyh=sdx/2,sdy/2
+  line(x0-rx-sdxh,y0+ry+sdyh,x-rx,y+ry,cold)
+  line(x0+rx+sdxh,y0-ry-sdyh,x+rx,y-ry,cold)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0+i*sdx,y0-ry,x+rx,y-i*sdy,warm)
+  line(x0-rx,y0+i*sdy,x-i*sdx,y+ry,warm)
+ end
+ for i=-r,r do
+  line(x0,y0,x+rx,y-i*sdy,hot)
+  line(x0,y0,x-i*sdx,y+ry,hot)
+ end
+end
+
+function respr(x,y,dx,dy,r,s)
+ if (r==0) r=0.5
+ local n=ceil(max(abs(dx),abs(dy))/r/2)
+ local d1x,d1y=dx/n,dy/n
+ r/=4
+ for i=1,n do
+  spr(s,x,y,r,r)
+  x+=d1x
+  y+=d1y
+ end
+ pal()
+ spr(s,x,y,r,r)
+end
+
+darkpal = {
+ [7]=4,
+ [9]=2,
+ [10]=4,
+ [8]=2
+}
+
+prof(function(dx, dy, r)
+  linefill(32,32,dx,dy,r,10)
+end,function(dx, dy, r)
+  quickzot(96,32,r,dx,dy,10,9,8)
+end,function(dx,dy,r)
+  zot(32,96,r,dx,dy,10,9,8)
+end,function(dx,dy,r)
+  pal(darkpal)
+  respr(96,96,dx,dy,r,r)
+end,{ locals={4,-9,2} })
+
+-- "locals" (optional) are
+-- passed in as args. see the
+-- usage guide for details.
+
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