fix remaining vulcan-family bug

last_tyrianlike.p8

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 pico-8 cartridge // http://www.pico-8.com
-version 42
+version 41
 __lua__
 -- vacuum gambit
 -- by kistaro windrider
@@ -18,17 +18,12 @@ function csv(s)
  end
  return ret
 end
-function const_fxn(x)
- return function()
-  return x
- end
-end
 
 -- generate standard "overlay"
 -- constructor for type tt.
--- if tt.init is defined, generated
--- new calls tt.init(ret) after
--- ret is definitely not nil,
+-- if more is defined, generated
+-- new calls more(ret) after
+-- ret is definitely not nil
 -- before calling setmetatable.
 -- use to initialize mutables.
 --
@@ -37,8 +32,8 @@ end
 -- object *after* more, because
 -- this works better with the
 -- `more` impls i use.
-function mknew(tt)
- local mt,oldnew,more = {__index=tt},tt.new,rawget(tt, "init")
+function mknew(tt, more)
+ local mt,oldnew = {__index=tt},tt.new
  tt.new=function(ret)
   if(not ret) ret = {}
   if(more) more(ret)
@@ -46,18 +41,15 @@ function mknew(tt)
   setmetatable(ret, mt)
   return ret
  end
- return tt
 end
 
 -- intrusive singly-linked list.
 -- cannot be nested!
-linked_list = mknew{
- is_linked_list=true,
- init = function(x)
+linked_list = {is_linked_list=true}
+mknew(linked_list, function(x)
   x.next=nil
   x.tail=x
- end,
-}
+ end)
 
 function linked_list:push_back(x)
  self.tail.next = x
@@ -126,7 +118,7 @@ end
 function _init()
  init_blip_pals()
 	wipe_level()
-	primary_ship.main_gun = zap_gun_p.new()  -- redundant?
+	primary_ship.main_gun = zap_gun.new()
 	load_level(example_level_csv)
 	state = game
 	pal(2,129)
@@ -420,7 +412,7 @@ end
 
 scrollrate = 0.25 --in px/frame
 
-ship_m = mknew{
+ship_m = {
 
  -- ships have no shield by default
  shield = 0,
@@ -445,6 +437,7 @@ ship_m = mknew{
  -- ymin, ymax default to nil
  --   pship needs more constraint 
 }
+mknew(ship_m)
 
 function ship_m:die()
  self.dead = true
@@ -587,20 +580,16 @@ end
 -->8
 -- bullet and gun behaviors
 
-function player_blt_cat()
- return pbullets
-end
+bullet_base = {
+ enemyspd = 0.5
+}
+mknew(bullet_base)
 
-function enemy_blt_cat()
- return ebullets
-end
-
-bullet_base = mknew{ }
-
-gun_base = mknew{ 
+gun_base = { 
  shoot_ready = -32768,
  icon = 20
 }
+mknew(gun_base)
 
 function bullet_base:hitship(_)
  self:die()
@@ -612,11 +601,19 @@ end
 
 function bullet_base:move()
  self.x += self.dx
+ if self.enemy then
   self.y += self.dy
- if (self.y > 128) or (self.y < -8 * self.height) then
+  if self.y > 128 then
    self:die()
    return true
   end
+ else
+  self.y -= self.dy
+  if self.y < -8*self.height then
+   self:die()
+   return true
+  end
+ end
  return false
 end
 
@@ -624,18 +621,17 @@ function bullet_base:draw()
  spr(self.sprite, self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)
 end
 
--- An `actually_shoot` factory
--- for trivial guns
-function spawn_one(t)
- return function(gun, x, y)
-  t.new{}:spawn_at(x, y)
- end
-end
-
 function bullet_base:spawn_at(x, y)
- self.x = x - self.x_off
- self.y = y - self.y_off
- self.category():push_back(self)
+ self.x = x - self.center_x_off
+ if self.enemy then
+  self.dx *= self.enemyspd
+  self.dy *= self.enemyspd
+  self.y = y + self.top_y_off
+  ebullets:push_back(self)
+ else
+  self.y = y - (8 * self.height) + self.bottom_y_off
+  pbullets:push_back(self)
+ end
 end
 
 function gun_base:shoot(x, y)
@@ -649,12 +645,23 @@ function gun_base:shoot(x, y)
  return true
 end
 
+function gun_base:actually_shoot(x, y)
+ local typ = self.t
+ local b = typ.new{
+  enemy = self.enemy,
+  sprite = self.enemy and typ.esprite or typ.psprite,
+ }
+ b:spawn_at(x, y)
+ return true
+end
+
 -->8
 -- bullets and guns
 
-zap_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+zap = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
- sprite = 9, --index of enemy ammo sprite
+ psprite = 8, --index of player ammo sprite
+ esprite = 9, -- index of enemy ammo sprite
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
  height = 1,
  hurt = { -- hurtbox - where this ship can be hit
@@ -663,39 +670,33 @@ zap_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
   width = 2,
   height = 8
  },
- x_off = 1, -- how to position by ship
- y_off = 8,
+ center_x_off = 1, -- how to position by ship
+ bottom_y_off = 0,
+ top_y_off = 0,
  
  damage = 1,
  dx = 0,  -- px/frame
- dy = 4,
+ dy = 8,
 
- hitship = const_fxn(true),
+ hitship = function(_, _)
+  return true
+ end
+}
+mknew(zap)
 
- category = enemy_blt_cat,
-})
-
-zap_p = mknew(zap_e.new{
- sprite = 8,
- dy = -8,
- y_off = 0,
- category = player_blt_cat,
-})
-
-zap_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
+zap_gun = gun_base.new{
+ enemy = false,
  power = 20, -- power consumed per shot
  cooldown = 0x0.000a, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil, -- unlimited ammo - main gun
- actually_shoot = spawn_one(zap_e),
-})
+ t = zap -- metatable of bullet to fire
+}
+mknew(zap_gun)
 
-zap_gun_p = mknew(zap_gun_e.new{
- actually_shoot = spawn_one(zap_p),
-})
-
-blast = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+blast = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
- sprite = 12, --index of player ammo sprite
+ psprite = 12, --index of player ammo sprite
+ esprite = 3, -- index of enemy ammo sprite
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
  height = 1,
  hurt = { -- hurtbox - where this ship can be hit
@@ -704,12 +705,13 @@ blast = mknew(bullet_base.new{
   width = 6,
   height = 6
  },
- x_off = 4, -- how to position by ship
- y_off = 0,
+ center_x_off = 4, -- how to position by ship
+ bottom_y_off = 0,
+ top_y_off = 0,
  
  damage = 4,
  dx = 0,  -- px/frame
- dy = -2,
+ dy = 2,
  awaitcancel = false,
 
  -- disable damage for 2 frames
@@ -734,22 +736,25 @@ blast = mknew(bullet_base.new{
     self.awaitcancel = false
    end)
   end
- end,
- category=player_blt_cat
-})
+ end
+}
+mknew(blast)
 
-blast_gun = mknew(gun_base.new{
+blast_gun = gun_base.new{
  icon = 13,
- power = 0, -- only cost is ammo
+ enemy = false,
+ power = 0, -- ammo, not power
  cooldown = 0x0.0020, -- frames between shots
  ammo = 5,
  maxammo = 5,
- actually_shoot = spawn_one(blast),
-})
+ t = blast -- type of bullet to fire
+}
+mknew(blast_gun)
 
-protron_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+protron = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
- sprite = 24,
+ psprite = 23, --index of player ammo sprite
+ esprite = 24, -- index of enemy ammo sprite
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
  height = 1,
  hurt = { -- hurtbox - where this ship can be hit
@@ -758,59 +763,56 @@ protron_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
   width = 2,
   height = 2
  },
- x_off = 1, -- how to position by ship
- y_off = 4,
+ center_x_off = 1, -- how to position by ship
+ bottom_y_off = 4,
+ top_y_off = 0,
  
  damage = 1,
- dym = 0.5, -- gun sets dy;
-             -- this is mult
- category = enemy_blt_cat,
-})
+ dx = 0,  -- px/frame
+ dy = 3,
+}
+mknew(protron)
 
-protron_p = mknew(protron_e.new{
- sprite=23,
- dym = -1,
- y_off = 0,
- category=player_blt_cat,
-})
-
-protron_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
+protron_gun = gun_base.new{
  icon = 25,
+ enemy = false,
  power = 60,
  cooldown = 0x0.000f, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil,
  maxammo = nil,
- munition = protron_e
-})
-
-function protron_gun_e:actually_shoot(x, y)
- local m = self.munition.dym
+ actually_shoot = function(self, x, y)
+  local sprite = protron.psprite
+  if (self.enemy) sprite=protron.esprite
   for i=1,3 do
-  local b = self.munition.new{
-   dx = i*m,
-   dy = (4-i)*m,
+   local b = protron.new{
+    enemy=self.enemy,
+    sprite=sprite,
+    dx = i,
+    dy = 4-i
    }
    b:spawn_at(x,y)
-  local b2 = self.munition.new{
-   dx = -i*m,
-   dy = (4-i)*m,
+   local b2 = protron.new{
+    enemy=self.enemy,
+    sprite=sprite,
+    dx = -i,
+    dy = 4-i
    }
    b2:spawn_at(x,y)
   end
- local bup = self.munition.new{
-  dx=0,
-  dy=4*m,
+  local bup = protron.new{
+   enemy=self.enemy,
+   sprite=sprite,
+   dy=4
   }
   bup:spawn_at(x,y)
  end
+}
+mknew(protron_gun)
 
-protron_gun_p = mknew(protron_gun_e.new{
- munition = protron_p,
-})
-
-vulcan_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+vulcan = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
- sprite = 21,
+ psprite = 22, --index of player ammo sprite
+ esprite = 21, -- index of enemy ammo sprite
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
  height = 1,
  hurt = { -- hurtbox - where this ship can be hit
@@ -819,46 +821,39 @@ vulcan_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
   width = 1,
   height = 4
  },
- x_off = 0.5, -- how to position by ship
- y_off = 0,
+ center_x_off = 0.5, -- how to position by ship
+ bottom_y_off = 4,
+ top_y_off = 0,
  
  damage = 0.5,
- -- dx from gun
- dy = 2,
- category=enemy_blt_cat
-})
+ dx = 0,  -- px/frame
+ dy = 4,
+}
+mknew(vulcan)
 
-vulcan_p = mknew(vulcan_e.new{
- sprite=22,
- y_off = 4,
- dy = -4,
- category=player_blt_cat
-})
-
-vulcan_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
+vulcan_gun = gun_base.new{
  icon = 37,
  enemy = false,
  power = 8,
  cooldown = 0x0.0002, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil,
  maxammo = nil,
- munition=vulcan_e,
  dxs = {0.35, -0.35, -0.7, 0.7, 0.35, -0.35},
  xoffs = {1, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1},
  dxidx = 1,
  actually_shoot = function(self, x, y)
-  local b = self.munition.new{
+  local sprite = self.enemy and vulcan.esprite or vulcan.psprite
+  local b = vulcan.new{
+   enemy=self.enemy,
+   sprite=sprite,
    dx = self.dxs[self.dxidx],
   }
   b:spawn_at(self.xoffs[self.dxidx]+x,y)
   self.dxidx += 1
   if (self.dxidx > #self.dxs) self.dxidx = 1
  end
-})
-
-vulcan_gun_p = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
- munition=vulcan_p,
-})
+}
+mknew(vulcan_gun)
 
 -->8
 --ships, including player
@@ -866,7 +861,7 @@ vulcan_gun_p = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
 firespark = split"9, 8, 2, 5, 1"
 smokespark = split"13, 13, 5, 5"
 
-player = mknew(ship_m.new{
+player = ship_m.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 1, --index of ship sprite
  size = 1, --all ships are square; how many 8x8 sprites?
@@ -916,20 +911,21 @@ player = mknew(ship_m.new{
   end
   --dx, dy, shoot_spec, shoot_main
   return (((b&0x2)>>1) - (b&0x1)) * th, (((b&0x8)>>3) - ((b&0x4)>>2)) * th, (b&0x10) > 0, (b&0x20) > 0
- end,
-
- init = function(p)
-  p.main_gun = zap_gun_p.new()
+ end
+}
+mknew(player,
+ function(p)
+  p.main_gun = zap_gun.new()
   -- ONE HIT MODE
   --
   -- p.hp = 0
   -- p.maxhp = 0
   -- p.shield = 0
   -- p.maxshield = 0
- end,
-})
+ end
+)
 
-frownie = mknew(ship_m.new{
+frownie = ship_m.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 3, --index of ship sprite
  size = 1, --all ships are square; how many 8x8 sprites?
@@ -960,9 +956,10 @@ frownie = mknew(ship_m.new{
   if (tstate>=4) dx=self.thrust
   return dx,0,false,false
  end,
-})
+}
+mknew(frownie)
 
-blocky = mknew(frownie.new{
+blocky = frownie.new{
  sprite = 10,
  hp = 1.5,
  hurt = {
@@ -980,9 +977,10 @@ blocky = mknew(frownie.new{
   end
   ship_m.ow(self)
  end
-})
+}
+mknew(blocky)
 
-spewy = mknew(frownie.new{
+spewy = frownie.new{
  sprite=26,
  power=-20,
  hurt = {
@@ -999,13 +997,13 @@ spewy = mknew(frownie.new{
  act=function(self)
   local dx,dy,shoot_spec=frownie.act(self)
   return dx, dy, shoot_spec, true
- end,
- init = function(ship)
-  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or protron_gun_e.new{}
  end
-})
+}
+mknew(spewy, function(ship)
+ ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or protron_gun.new{enemy=true}
+end)
 
-chasey = mknew(ship_m.new{
+chasey = ship_m.new{
  sprite = 5,
  size = 1,
  hurt = {
@@ -1028,11 +1026,10 @@ chasey = mknew(ship_m.new{
  thrust = 0.2,
  drag = 0.075,
  slip = true,
-
- init = function(ship)
-  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
- end
-})
+}
+mknew(chasey, function(ship)
+ ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun.new{enemy=true}
+end)
 
 function chasey:act()
  self.xmin = max(primary_ship.x-8, 0)
@@ -1040,7 +1037,7 @@ function chasey:act()
  return 0, 0, false, self.x - 16 < primary_ship.x and self.x + 16 > primary_ship.x
 end
 
-xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
+xl_chasey=chasey.new{
  size=2,
  maxspd=1.25,
  hurt = {
@@ -1049,8 +1046,6 @@ xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
   width = 12,
   height = 10
  },
- fire_off_x = 8,
- fire_off_y = 15,
  hp = 19.5,
  shield = 5,
  boss = true,
@@ -1065,11 +1060,10 @@ xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
   sspr(40, 0, 8, 8, self.x, self.y, 16, 16)
   pal()
  end,
- init = function(ship)
-  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
- end,
-})
-
+}
+mknew(xl_chasey, function(ship)
+ ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun.new{enemy=true}
+end)
 -->8
 -- collisions
 
@@ -1083,11 +1077,12 @@ function collides(box1, box2)
 	  or box1.y+box1.height<box2.y)
 end
 
-collider = mknew{
- init = function(x)
+collider = { }
+mknew(collider,
+ function(x)
   x.suppress = {}
- end,
-}
+ end
+)
 
 function collider_indexes(box)
  local ret = {}
@@ -1276,9 +1271,9 @@ end
 
 function spawn_bonus_vulcan_chasey()
  local c = spawn_chasey()
- c.main_gun=vulcan_gun_e.new{enemy=true}
+ c.main_gun=vulcan_gun.new{enemy=true}
  c.die = function(self)
-  spawn_main_gun_at(self.x-1, self.y-1, vulcan_gun_p)
+  spawn_main_gun_at(self.x-1, self.y-1, vulcan_gun)
   chasey.die(self)
  end
  c.sprite=4
@@ -1381,7 +1376,7 @@ example_level_csv=[[1,spawn_frownie
 310,spawn_blocking_blocky
 310,spawn_blocking_blocky
 311,spawn_frownie
-350,spawn_main_gun_at,70,-11,protron_gun_p
+350,spawn_main_gun_at,70,-11,protron_gun
 401,spawn_frownie
 420,spawn_blocking_frownie
 430,spawn_bonus_vulcan_chasey
@@ -1491,9 +1486,8 @@ bullets
   shots much easier to dodge
 * damage - damage per hit;
   used by ships
-* sprite - sprite index.
-* x_off, y_off - renamed for
-  the next two vars. may revert
+* psprite, esprite - index of
+  player or enemy sprite.
 * center_off_x - the horizontal
   centerpoint of the bullet,
   for positioning when firing.
@@ -1782,7 +1776,7 @@ true, they are dropped.
 -->8
 -- standard events
 
-blip_fx = mknew{
+blip_fx = {
  cancel=false
 }
 
@@ -1800,6 +1794,8 @@ function blip_fx:abort()
  self.cancel=true
 end
 
+mknew(blip_fx)
+
 blip_pals = {}
 function init_blip_pals()
  for i=0,15 do
@@ -1834,7 +1830,8 @@ function boom(x,y,boominess,is_boss)
  return
 end
 
-spark_particle=mknew{}
+spark_particle={}
+mknew(spark_particle)
 
 function spark_particle:move()
  if (rnd(4) < 1) self.sidx += 1
@@ -1863,7 +1860,7 @@ end
 -->8
 -- powerups
 
-powerup = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+powerup = bullet_base.new{
  -- animated sprite array: "sprites"
  -- to draw under or over anim,
  -- override draw, draw the
@@ -1879,12 +1876,13 @@ powerup = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  -- easy to pick up
  dx = 0,
  dy = 1.5, -- 0.75 after enemyspd
- category = enemy_blt_cat, -- collides with player ship
+ enemy = true, -- collides with player ship
  damage = 0,
  
  anim_speed = 2,
  loop_pause = 30 -- affected by animspeed
-})
+}
+mknew(powerup)
 
 -- sprite indexes for "sheen" animation
 sheen8x8 = split"2,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61"
@@ -1904,15 +1902,16 @@ function powerup:draw()
      self.width, self.height) 
 end
 
-repair = mknew(powerup.new{
+repair = powerup.new{
  hurt = {
   x_off = -2,
   y_off = -2,
   width = 12,
   height = 12
  },
- x_off = 4,
- y_off = 0,
+ center_x_off = 4,
+ top_y_off = 0,
+ bottom_y_off = 0,
  sprites = sheen8x8,
  hitship = function(self, ship)
   if (ship ~= primary_ship) return false
@@ -1923,13 +1922,14 @@ repair = mknew(powerup.new{
   spr(53, self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)
   powerup.draw(self)
  end  
-})
+}
+mknew(repair)
 
 function spawn_repair_at(x, y)
  repair.new():spawn_at(x, y)
 end
 
-gun_swap = mknew(powerup.new{
+gun_swap = powerup.new{
  hurt = {
   x_off = -2,
   y_off = -2,
@@ -1937,8 +1937,9 @@ gun_swap = mknew(powerup.new{
   height = 16
  },
  -- gun = gun_type.new{}
- x_off = 6,
- y_off = 0,
+ center_x_off = 6,
+ top_y_off = 0,
+ bottom_y_off = 4,
  width = 2,
  height = 2,
  sprites = {64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78},
@@ -1951,7 +1952,8 @@ gun_swap = mknew(powerup.new{
   powerup.draw(self)
   spr(self.gun.icon, self.x+2, self.y+2, 1, 1)
  end
-})
+}
+mknew(gun_swap)
 
 function spawn_main_gun_at(x, y, gunt)
  if (type(gunt)=="string") gunt=_ENV[gunt]

vacuum_gambit.p8

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ end
 
 -- generate standard "overlay"
 -- constructor for type tt.
--- if tt.init is defined, generated
--- new calls tt.init(ret) after
--- ret is definitely not nil,
+-- if more is defined, generated
+-- new calls more(ret) after
+-- ret is definitely not nil
 -- before calling setmetatable.
 -- use to initialize mutables.
 --
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ end
 -- object *after* more, because
 -- this works better with the
 -- `more` impls i use.
-function mknew(tt)
- local mt,oldnew,more = {__index=tt},tt.new,rawget(tt, "init")
+function mknew(tt, more)
+ local mt,oldnew = {__index=tt},tt.new
  tt.new=function(ret)
   if(not ret) ret = {}
   if(more) more(ret)
@@ -46,18 +46,15 @@ function mknew(tt)
   setmetatable(ret, mt)
   return ret
  end
- return tt
 end
 
 -- intrusive singly-linked list.
 -- cannot be nested!
-linked_list = mknew{
- is_linked_list=true,
- init = function(x)
+linked_list = {is_linked_list=true}
+mknew(linked_list, function(x)
   x.next=nil
   x.tail=x
- end,
-}
+ end)
 
 function linked_list:push_back(x)
  self.tail.next = x
@@ -337,30 +334,28 @@ function drawhud()
  line(113,127)
  
  draw_gun_info("❎",1,116,3,primary_ship.main_gun)
- draw_gun_info("🅾️",1,116,29,primary_ship.special_gun)
+ draw_gun_info("🅾️",1,116,31,primary_ship.special_gun)
  
- inset(114,57,119,118)
- rectfill(119,57,124,58,13)
- inset(120,64,125,125)
- rectfill(114,124,120,125,7)
- print("XP",119,55,1)
- print("HP",114,122,1)
+ dropshadow("p h",114,59,1)
+ inset(114,66,119,125)
  fillp(0x5a5a)
- vertmeter(115,58,118,117,primary_ship.xp, primary_ship.xptarget, powcols)
- -- 59 px vertically
+ vertmeter(115,67,118,124,primary_ship.power, primary_ship.max_power, powcols)
+
+ inset(120,66,125,125)
+ -- 57 px vertically
  local mxs, cs, mxh, ch = primary_ship.maxshield, primary_ship.shield, primary_ship.maxhp, primary_ship.hp
  if (mxs > 0) and (mxh > 0) then
-  local split = 59 * (mxs / (mxs + mxh)) \ 1 + 64
+  local split = 57 * (mxs / (mxs + mxh)) \ 1 + 66
   line(121, split, 124, split, 0xba)
-  vertmeter(121,65,124,split-1,cs, mxs,shlcols)
+  vertmeter(121,67,124,split-1,cs, mxs,shlcols)
   vertmeter(121,split+1,124,124,ch, mxh, hpcols)
  elseif mxs > 0 then
-  vertmeter(121,65,124,124,cs,mxs,shlcols)
+  vertmeter(121,67,124,124,cs,mxs,shlcols)
  elseif mxh > 0 then
-  vertmeter(121,65,124,124,ch,mxh,hpcols)
+  vertmeter(121,67,124,124,ch,mxh,hpcols)
  else
-  print("!", 122, 93, 9)
-  print("!", 121, 92, 8)
+  print("!", 122, 94, 9)
+  print("!", 121, 93, 8)
  end
   fillp(0)
 end
@@ -409,7 +404,7 @@ function inset(x0,y0,x1,y1)
  -- fillp
  rect(x0,y0,x1,y1,119)
  line(x1,y0,x0,y0,85)
- line(x0,y1-1,85)
+ line(x0,y1,85)
 end
 
 function dropshadow(str, x, y, col)
@@ -422,14 +417,19 @@ end
 
 scrollrate = 0.25 --in px/frame
 
-ship_m = mknew{
+ship_m = {
 
  -- ships have no shield by default
  shield = 0,
  maxshield = 0,
+ shieldcost = 32767.9,
  shieldcooldown =  0x0.003c,--1s
  shieldpenalty = 0x0.012c, --5s
  
+ max_power = 120,
+ power = 120,
+ generator = 2, -- power gen per frame
+ 
  slip = true,  -- most enemies slide
  
  xmomentum = 0,
@@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ ship_m = mknew{
  -- ymin, ymax default to nil
  --   pship needs more constraint 
 }
+mknew(ship_m)
 
 function ship_m:die()
  self.dead = true
@@ -489,6 +490,7 @@ end
 
 function ship_m:move()
  self:refresh_shield()
+ self.power = min(self.max_power, self.power + self.generator)
  local dx, dy, shoot_spec, shoot_main = self:act()
  dx = self:constrain(self.x, self.xmomentum, self.xmin, self.xmax, dx)
  dy = self:constrain(self.y, self.ymomentum, self.ymin, self.ymax, dy)
@@ -530,7 +532,9 @@ end
 
 function ship_m:maybe_shoot(gun)
  if (not gun) return
- return gun:shoot(self.x + self.fire_off_x, self.y + self.fire_off_y)
+ if (self.power < gun.power) return
+ if (not gun:shoot(self.x + self.fire_off_x, self.y + self.fire_off_y)) return
+ self.power -= gun.power
 end
 
 function ship_m:hitship(other)
@@ -571,8 +575,10 @@ end
 function ship_m:refresh_shield()
  if (self.shield >= self.maxshield) return
  if (lframe < self.shield_refresh_ready) return
+ if (self.power < self.shieldcost) return
  self.shield += 1
  self.shield = min(self.shield, self.maxshield)
+ self.power -= self.shieldcost
  self.shield_refresh_ready = lframe + self.shieldcooldown
 end
 
@@ -587,34 +593,14 @@ function enemy_blt_cat()
  return ebullets
 end
 
--- x, y: position
--- dx, dy: movement (linear)
--- f: frames remaining; nil for no limit
--- sprite: what sprite to draw
--- hurt -- hurtbox
--- width, height -- in sprites
--- x_off, y_off -- how to
---   initially position relative
---   to firing point. weird
---   details, check impl
--- damage -- damage to do to
---   a ship that gets hit
--- category -- function that
---   returns which bullet list
---   to spawn onto
--- hitship -- event handler,
---   takes ship as argument.
---   default: die, return true.
---   returns whether to delete
---   the bullet
--- die -- on-removal event,
---   default no-op
-bullet_base = mknew{ }
+bullet_base = { }
+mknew(bullet_base)
 
-gun_base = mknew{ 
+gun_base = { 
  shoot_ready = -32768,
  icon = 20
 }
+mknew(gun_base)
 
 function bullet_base:hitship(_)
  self:die()
@@ -627,8 +613,7 @@ end
 function bullet_base:move()
  self.x += self.dx
  self.y += self.dy
- if (self.f) self.f -= 1
- if (self.y > 128) or (self.y < -8 * self.height) or (self.f and self.f < 0) then
+ if (self.y > 128) or (self.y < -8 * self.height) then
   self:die()
   return true
  end
@@ -667,9 +652,9 @@ end
 -->8
 -- bullets and guns
 
-zap_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+zap_e = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
- sprite = 9, --index of ammo sprite
+ sprite = 9, --index of enemy ammo sprite
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
  height = 1,
  hurt = { -- hurtbox - where this ship can be hit
@@ -688,26 +673,31 @@ zap_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  hitship = const_fxn(true),
 
  category = enemy_blt_cat,
-})
+}
+mknew(zap_e)
 
-zap_p = mknew(zap_e.new{
+zap_p = zap_e.new{
  sprite = 8,
  dy = -8,
  y_off = 0,
  category = player_blt_cat,
-})
+}
+mknew(zap_p)
 
-zap_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
+zap_gun_e = gun_base.new{
+ power = 20, -- power consumed per shot
  cooldown = 0x0.000a, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil, -- unlimited ammo - main gun
  actually_shoot = spawn_one(zap_e),
-})
+}
+mknew(zap_gun_e)
 
-zap_gun_p = mknew(zap_gun_e.new{
+zap_gun_p = zap_gun_e.new{
  actually_shoot = spawn_one(zap_p),
-})
+}
+mknew(zap_gun_p)
 
-blast = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+blast = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 12, --index of player ammo sprite
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
@@ -750,17 +740,20 @@ blast = mknew(bullet_base.new{
   end
  end,
  category=player_blt_cat
-})
+}
+mknew(blast)
 
-blast_gun = mknew(gun_base.new{
+blast_gun = gun_base.new{
  icon = 13,
+ power = 0, -- only cost is ammo
  cooldown = 0x0.0020, -- frames between shots
  ammo = 5,
  maxammo = 5,
  actually_shoot = spawn_one(blast),
-})
+}
+mknew(blast_gun)
 
-protron_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+protron_e = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 24,
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
@@ -778,22 +771,26 @@ protron_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  dym = 0.5, -- gun sets dy;
              -- this is mult
  category = enemy_blt_cat,
-})
+}
+mknew(protron_e)
 
-protron_p = mknew(protron_e.new{
+protron_p = protron_e.new{
  sprite=23,
  dym = -1,
  y_off = 0,
  category=player_blt_cat,
-})
+}
+mknew(protron_p)
 
-protron_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
+protron_gun_e = gun_base.new{
  icon = 25,
+ power = 60,
  cooldown = 0x0.000f, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil,
  maxammo = nil,
  munition = protron_e
-})
+}
+mknew(protron_gun_e)
 
 function protron_gun_e:actually_shoot(x, y)
  local m = self.munition.dym
@@ -816,11 +813,12 @@ function protron_gun_e:actually_shoot(x, y)
  bup:spawn_at(x,y)
 end
 
-protron_gun_p = mknew(protron_gun_e.new{
+protron_gun_p = protron_gun_e.new{
  munition = protron_p,
-})
+}
+mknew(protron_gun_p)
 
-vulcan_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+vulcan_e = bullet_base.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 21,
  width = 1, --in 8x8 blocks
@@ -838,18 +836,21 @@ vulcan_e = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  -- dx from gun
  dy = 2,
  category=enemy_blt_cat
-})
+}
+mknew(vulcan_e)
 
-vulcan_p = mknew(vulcan_e.new{
+vulcan_p = vulcan_e.new{
  sprite=22,
  y_off = 4,
  dy = -4,
  category=player_blt_cat
-})
+}
+mknew(vulcan_p)
 
-vulcan_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
+vulcan_gun_e = gun_base.new{
  icon = 37,
  enemy = false,
+ power = 8,
  cooldown = 0x0.0002, -- frames between shots
  ammo = nil,
  maxammo = nil,
@@ -865,11 +866,13 @@ vulcan_gun_e = mknew(gun_base.new{
   self.dxidx += 1
   if (self.dxidx > #self.dxs) self.dxidx = 1
  end
-})
+}
+mknew(vulcan_gun_e)
 
-vulcan_gun_p = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
+vulcan_gun_p = vulcan_gun_e.new{
  munition=vulcan_p,
-})
+}
+mknew(vulcan_gun_p)
 
 -->8
 --ships, including player
@@ -877,7 +880,7 @@ vulcan_gun_p = mknew(vulcan_gun_e.new{
 firespark = split"9, 8, 2, 5, 1"
 smokespark = split"13, 13, 5, 5"
 
-player = mknew(ship_m.new{
+player = ship_m.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 1, --index of ship sprite
  size = 1, --all ships are square; how many 8x8 sprites?
@@ -891,16 +894,13 @@ player = mknew(ship_m.new{
  sparkodds = 2,
  boss = true,  -- dramatic special effects
  
- -- health
+ -- health and power
  hp = 3, -- current health, non-regenerating
  maxhp = 3, -- player only; other ships never heal
- shield = 2, -- regenerates
+ shield = 2, -- regenerates, using power
  maxshield = 2,
-
- -- xp, increments of 0x0.01
- xp = 0,
- xptarget = 0x0.05,
- level = 1,
+ shieldcost = 60, -- power cost to refill shield
+ generator = 2, 
 
  -- gun
  main_gun = nil, -- assign at spawn time
@@ -930,9 +930,10 @@ player = mknew(ship_m.new{
   end
   --dx, dy, shoot_spec, shoot_main
   return (((b&0x2)>>1) - (b&0x1)) * th, (((b&0x8)>>3) - ((b&0x4)>>2)) * th, (b&0x10) > 0, (b&0x20) > 0
- end,
-
- init = function(p)
+ end
+}
+mknew(player,
+ function(p)
   p.main_gun = zap_gun_p.new()
   -- ONE HIT MODE
   --
@@ -940,10 +941,10 @@ player = mknew(ship_m.new{
   -- p.maxhp = 0
   -- p.shield = 0
   -- p.maxshield = 0
- end,
-})
+ end
+)
 
-frownie = mknew(ship_m.new{
+frownie = ship_m.new{
  --shape
  sprite = 3, --index of ship sprite
  size = 1, --all ships are square; how many 8x8 sprites?
@@ -956,7 +957,7 @@ frownie = mknew(ship_m.new{
  sparks = smokespark,
  sparkodds = 8,
  
- -- health
+ -- health and power
  hp = 0.5, -- enemy ships need no max hp
 
  -- position
@@ -974,9 +975,10 @@ frownie = mknew(ship_m.new{
   if (tstate>=4) dx=self.thrust
   return dx,0,false,false
  end,
-})
+}
+mknew(frownie)
 
-blocky = mknew(frownie.new{
+blocky = frownie.new{
  sprite = 10,
  hp = 1.5,
  hurt = {
@@ -994,10 +996,12 @@ blocky = mknew(frownie.new{
   end
   ship_m.ow(self)
  end
-})
+}
+mknew(blocky)
 
-spewy = mknew(frownie.new{
+spewy = frownie.new{
  sprite=26,
+ power=-20,
  hurt = {
   x_off=0,
   y_off=1,
@@ -1005,18 +1009,20 @@ spewy = mknew(frownie.new{
   height=5
  },
  hp=0.5,
+ maxpower=70,
+ generator=0.5,
  fire_off_x=4,
  fire_off_y = 7,
  act=function(self)
   local dx,dy,shoot_spec=frownie.act(self)
-  return dx, dy, shoot_spec, self.y > 10
- end,
- init = function(ship)
-  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or protron_gun_e.new{}
+  return dx, dy, shoot_spec, true
  end
-})
+}
+mknew(spewy, function(ship)
+ ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or protron_gun_e.new{enemy=true}
+end)
 
-chasey = mknew(ship_m.new{
+chasey = ship_m.new{
  sprite = 5,
  size = 1,
  hurt = {
@@ -1030,6 +1036,7 @@ chasey = mknew(ship_m.new{
  hp = 1.5,
  shield = 1,
  maxshield = 1,
+ shieldcost = 180,
 
  fire_off_x = 4,
  fire_off_y = 7,
@@ -1038,19 +1045,18 @@ chasey = mknew(ship_m.new{
  thrust = 0.2,
  drag = 0.075,
  slip = true,
-
- init = function(ship)
+}
+mknew(chasey, function(ship)
  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
- end
-})
+end)
 
 function chasey:act()
  self.xmin = max(primary_ship.x-8, 0)
  self.xmax = min(primary_ship.x + 8, 112 - 8*self.size)
- return 0, 0, false, self.y > 10 and self.x - 16 < primary_ship.x and self.x + 16 > primary_ship.x
+ return 0, 0, false, self.x - 16 < primary_ship.x and self.x + 16 > primary_ship.x
 end
 
-xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
+xl_chasey=chasey.new{
  size=2,
  maxspd=1.25,
  hurt = {
@@ -1075,11 +1081,10 @@ xl_chasey=mknew(chasey.new{
   sspr(40, 0, 8, 8, self.x, self.y, 16, 16)
   pal()
  end,
- init = function(ship)
+}
+mknew(xl_chasey, function(ship)
  ship.main_gun=ship.main_gun or zap_gun_e.new{}
- end,
-})
-
+end)
 -->8
 -- collisions
 
@@ -1093,11 +1098,12 @@ function collides(box1, box2)
 	  or box1.y+box1.height<box2.y)
 end
 
-collider = mknew{
- init = function(x)
+collider = { }
+mknew(collider,
+ function(x)
   x.suppress = {}
- end,
-}
+ end
+)
 
 function collider_indexes(box)
  local ret = {}
@@ -1295,16 +1301,6 @@ function spawn_bonus_vulcan_chasey()
  return c
 end 
 
-function spawn_bonus_shield_chasey()
- local c = spawn_chasey()
- c.die = function(self)
-  spawn_shield_upgrade_at(self.x-1, self.y-1)
-  chasey.die(self)
- end
- c.sprite=4
- return c
-end
-
 helpers = {
  spawn_frownie,
  spawn_frownie,
@@ -1394,7 +1390,7 @@ example_level_csv=[[1,spawn_frownie
 115,spawn_spewy
 130,spawn_bonus_frownie
 145,spawn_spewy
-200,spawn_bonus_shield_chasey
+200,spawn_chasey
 250,spawn_blocking_blocky
 285,spawn_spec_gun_at,35,-11,blast_gun
 310,spawn_blocking_blocky
@@ -1411,9 +1407,8 @@ example_level_csv=[[1,spawn_frownie
 500,multi,20,12,spawn_blocking_blocky
 501,spawn_bonus_frownie
 620,spawn_blocking_blocky
-630,spawn_bonus_shield_chasey
-720,spawn_blocking_boss_chasey
-721,eol]]
+700,spawn_blocking_boss_chasey
+701,eol]]
 
 -->8
 -- readme.md
@@ -1465,6 +1460,10 @@ algorithm expressed.
 
 guns
 ----
+* power - cost in generator
+  power to fire. may be 0.
+  field directly read by ships;
+  required in all guns.
 * t - metatable for bullet type.
   fired once in the bullet's
   default direction per shot.
@@ -1492,6 +1491,11 @@ actually_shoot to change
 projectile logic while keeping
 cooldown and ammo logic.
 
+ships manage generator power
+before asking the gun to shoot.
+this behavior is in
+ship_m:maybe_shoot.
+
 bullets
 -------
 * dx, dy - movement per frame.
@@ -1578,19 +1582,39 @@ or less hp calls self:die() and
 tells the main game loop to
 remove it.
 
-shieldcooldown is the interval
-between restoring shield points.
-shieldpenalty is the delay
-before restoring points after
-any damage, reset to this value
-on every damaging hit (whether
-it is absorbed by the shield or
-not) -- shield behaves like
-halo and other shooters in its
-heritage, where it recovers if
-you avoid damage for a while.
-not that there is any safe cover
-in this kind of game.
+ships have power, from 0 to
+ship.maxpower, increasing by
+ship.generator per frame.
+in maybe_shoot, ships check that
+they have power to fire before
+trying to fire (the gun itself
+checks ammo and cooldown), and
+spend that power if they fire.
+
+power is also used to restore
+shields - ship.shieldcost per
+point of shields. shieldcooldown
+is the interval between
+restoring shield points, which
+is reset to shieldpenalty when a
+ship takes damage (regardless of
+whether that damage is stopped
+by the shield or not).
+shieldpenalty is much worse than
+shieldcooldown (hALO shield).
+
+therefore:
+* damaged ships spend power
+  repairing shields, which may
+  affect ability to fire guns.
+  this looks like a slow firing
+  rate because the ship will
+  eventually recover enough
+  energy to fire.
+* a ship firing nonstop will
+  typically be unable to recover
+  any shields because it will
+  not have energy to do so.
 
 ships do not repair hp on their
 own. negative-damage bullets
@@ -1774,7 +1798,7 @@ true, they are dropped.
 -->8
 -- standard events
 
-blip_fx = mknew{
+blip_fx = {
  cancel=false
 }
 
@@ -1792,6 +1816,8 @@ function blip_fx:abort()
  self.cancel=true
 end
 
+mknew(blip_fx)
+
 blip_pals = {}
 function init_blip_pals()
  for i=0,15 do
@@ -1826,7 +1852,8 @@ function boom(x,y,boominess,is_boss)
  return
 end
 
-spark_particle=mknew{}
+spark_particle={}
+mknew(spark_particle)
 
 function spark_particle:move()
  if (rnd(4) < 1) self.sidx += 1
@@ -1855,7 +1882,7 @@ end
 -->8
 -- powerups
 
-powerup = mknew(bullet_base.new{
+powerup = bullet_base.new{
  -- animated sprite array: "sprites"
  -- to draw under or over anim,
  -- override draw, draw the
@@ -1876,7 +1903,8 @@ powerup = mknew(bullet_base.new{
  
  anim_speed = 2,
  loop_pause = 30 -- affected by animspeed
-})
+}
+mknew(powerup)
 
 -- sprite indexes for "sheen" animation
 sheen8x8 = split"2,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61"
@@ -1896,7 +1924,7 @@ function powerup:draw()
      self.width, self.height) 
 end
 
-repair = mknew(powerup.new{
+repair = powerup.new{
  hurt = {
   x_off = -2,
   y_off = -2,
@@ -1906,37 +1934,23 @@ repair = mknew(powerup.new{
  x_off = 4,
  y_off = 0,
  sprites = sheen8x8,
- icon = 53,
  hitship = function(self, ship)
   if (ship ~= primary_ship) return false
   primary_ship.hp = min(primary_ship.maxhp, primary_ship.hp + 1)
   return true
  end,
  draw = function(self)
-  spr(self.icon, self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)
+  spr(53, self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)
   powerup.draw(self)
  end  
-})
+}
+mknew(repair)
 
 function spawn_repair_at(x, y)
  repair.new():spawn_at(x, y)
 end
 
-shield_upgrade = mknew(repair.new{
- icon=52
-})
-
-function shield_upgrade:hitship(ship)
- if (ship ~= primary_ship) return false
- primary_ship.maxshield += 1
- return true
-end
-
-function spawn_shield_upgrade_at(x, y)
- shield_upgrade.new():spawn_at(x,y)
-end
-
-gun_swap = mknew(powerup.new{
+gun_swap = powerup.new{
  hurt = {
   x_off = -2,
   y_off = -2,
@@ -1958,7 +1972,8 @@ gun_swap = mknew(powerup.new{
   powerup.draw(self)
   spr(self.gun.icon, self.x+2, self.y+2, 1, 1)
  end
-})
+}
+mknew(gun_swap)
 
 function spawn_main_gun_at(x, y, gunt)
  if (type(gunt)=="string") gunt=_ENV[gunt]
@@ -2017,14 +2032,14 @@ __gfx__
 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000009080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000cccccccccccccccc77000000007700000000770000000077000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000c116611dc11ee11d70000000077000000007700000000770000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000c1611c1dc11ee11d00000000770000000077000000007700000000770000000700000000000000000000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000c61111cdceeeeeed00000000700000000770000000077000000007700000007700000000000000000000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000c6111bcdceeeeeed00000000000000007700000000770000000077000000077000000007000000000000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000c161bbbdc11ee11d00000000000000007000000007700000000770000000770000000077000000000000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000c11ccb1dc11ee11d00000000000000000000000077000000007700000007700000000770000000070000000000000000
-00000000000000000000000000000000cdddddddcddddddd00000000000000000000000070000000077000000077000000007700000000770000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000cccccccc77000000007700000000770000000077000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000c11ee11d70000000077000000007700000000770000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000c11ee11d00000000770000000077000000007700000000770000000700000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000ceeeeeed00000000700000000770000000077000000007700000007700000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000ceeeeeed00000000000000007700000000770000000077000000077000000007000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000c11ee11d00000000000000007000000007700000000770000000770000000077000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000c11ee11d00000000000000000000000077000000007700000007700000000770000000070000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000cddddddd00000000000000000000000070000000077000000077000000007700000000770000000000000000
 cccccccccccc0000cccccccccccc0000cccccccccccc0000cccccccccccc0000cccccccccccc0000cccccccccccc0000cccccccccccc0000cccccccccccc0000
 c1111111111d0000c1111111111d0000c1111111111d0000c1111111111d0000c1111111111d0000c111eeee111d0000ceee2222eeed0000c2221111222d0000
 c1111111111d0000c1111111111d0000c1111111111d0000c1111111111d0000c111eeee111d0000c1ee2222ee1d0000ce22111122ed0000c2111111112d0000