Better error management.

* "Uncooperative cards" is now a warning.
* Cards and actions get "Then" invoked before the card processor considers erroring out.
* Terminal UI: Errors and warnings from actions are displayed during the response; they're not only added to the temporary messages now.

.gitignore

@@ -21,3 +21,5 @@
 # Go workspace file
 go.work
 
+# Visual studio Code exclusions
+.vscode/settings.json

README.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 Basic engine for NationStates-like "make decisions on issues" simulation games. Very incomplete.
 
+[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/git.chromaticdragon.app/kistaro/CardSimEngine.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/git.chromaticdragon.app/kistaro/CardSimEngine)
+
 ## General turn model
 
 1. Player has a hand of cards. Each card has one or more actions available.
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ A bucket of game state.
 
 ### Stat
 
-An arbitrary variable (or function, if it's calculated) tagged with some stuff to make it easier to display to the player.
+An arbitrary variable (or function, if it's calculated) tagged with some stuff to make it easier to display to the player. Stats can be extracted automatically (see "Stat Extraction" below).
 
 ### StatsCollection
 
@@ -55,3 +57,26 @@ There are some special errors that Rules can use to "communicate with" the rule
 ### Messages
 
 For now, strings but inconvenient. Intended to provide forwards compatibility when we eventually include some way to format text, where all the stuff written for "it's just a string" would break if not for having this extra type in the way to wrap it where we can stay compatible with "it's just a string" mode.
+
+## Stat Extraction
+The function `ExtractStats` creates a stats list automatically by searching through a struct's fields and methods. The following things are recognized as stats:
+
+* any method with a name like `StatFoo` or `HiddenStatFoo` (the latter are marked as invisible stats, which show up only in debug mode with the implementation in BasicStatsPane)
+* any exported field with a type that is already a `Stat`; the `Stored[T]` and `Hidden[T]` generic types are containers for this
+* any exported field tagged with `cardsim:"stat"`
+    * or `cardsim:"hidden"` for hidden stats. `"hiddenstat"` also works.
+    * you can use `"round2"` to round to two decimal places -- you can use any integer here, not just 2. works with both `float` types.
+    * `"hiddenround3"` (or any other number) creates a hidden rounded stat.
+    * To change the display name of a stat, use a separate tag phrase in addition to the stat tag, `cardsim_name:"name"`.
+        * For example: `cardsim:"stat" cardsim_name:"Stat Display Name"` creates a visible stat that shows up as "Stat Display Name".
+        * `cardsim:"hiddenround1" cardsim_name:"Hidden Rounded Stat"` creates an invisible stat that shows up, rounded to one decimal place, as "Hidden Rounded Stat".
+
+Stat extraction can implement most or all of your type's `Stats` method for you:
+
+```
+func (e *ExampleType) Stats() []cardsim.Stat {
+    return cardsim.ExtractStats(e)
+}
+```
+
+ExtractStats puts methods first (lexicographically), then fields (in the order they appear). You can use `cardsim.SortStats` to instead put visible stats before hidden stats, alphabetized (case-insensitive).

cardsim/card.go

@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@ package cardsim
 type Card[C StatsCollection] interface {
 	// Title is the short name of the card displayed in the hand
 	// and at the top of the card output. It receives the current
-	// player as an argument. If it returns an error that is not
-	// a warning, the game crashes.
-	Title(p *Player[C]) (Message, error)
+	// player as an argument.
+	Title(p *Player[C]) Message
 
 	// Urgent reports whether the card is considered urgent. If
 	// the player has any urgent cards in hand, they cannot choose to act
@@ -50,8 +49,12 @@ type CardOption[C StatsCollection] interface {
 	// a warning, the game crashes.
 	//
 	// After an option is enacted, the card is deleted. If a card should be
-	// repeatable, Enact must return it to the deck (on every option).
+	// repeatable, Enact must return it to the deck (on every option) or
+	// the card needs to reinsert itself with its Then function.
 	Enact(p *Player[C]) (Message, error)
+
+	// Enabled returns whether this option can curently be enacted.
+	Enabled(p *Player[C]) bool
 }
 
 // A BasicCard is a Card with fixed title, text, options, and optional
@@ -61,37 +64,102 @@ type BasicCard[C StatsCollection] struct {
 	IsUrgent    bool
 	CardText    Message
 	CardOptions []CardOption[C]
-	AfterOption func(p *Player[C], option CardOption[C]) error
+	// AfterOption is given the card itself as its first argument.
+	AfterOption func(c Card[C], p *Player[C], option CardOption[C]) error
 }
 
-func (b *BasicCard[C]) Title(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
-	return b.CardTitle, nil
+// Title implements Card.
+func (b *BasicCard[C]) Title(_ *Player[C]) Message {
+	return b.CardTitle
 }
 
+// Urgent implements Card.
 func (b *BasicCard[C]) Urgent(_ *Player[C]) bool {
 	return b.IsUrgent
 }
 
-func (b *BasicCard[C]) EventText(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
+// EventText implements Card.
+func (b *BasicCard[C]) EventText(_ *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
 	return b.CardText, nil
 }
 
+// Options implements Card.
 func (b *BasicCard[C]) Options(_ *Player[C]) ([]CardOption[C], error) {
 	return b.CardOptions, nil
 }
 
+// Then implements Card.
 func (b *BasicCard[C]) Then(p *Player[C], option CardOption[C]) error {
 	if b.AfterOption == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return b.AfterOption(p, option)
+	return b.AfterOption(b, p, option)
 }
 
-func (b *BasicCard[C]) Drawn(p *Player[C]) bool {
+// Drawn implements Card.
+func (b *BasicCard[C]) Drawn(_ *Player[C]) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// RefundAction returns a func that can be used as an AfterOption, which returns
+// the player's action point.
+func RefundAction[C StatsCollection]() func(c Card[C], p *Player[C], option CardOption[C]) error {
+	return func(c Card[C], p *Player[C], option CardOption[C]) error {
+		p.ActionsRemaining++
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// A PanelCard is a Card that takes its title and text from an InfoPanel,
+// while options, urgency, and the post-option callback are specified
+// (like a BasicCard). It never does anything in particular when drawn.
+//
+// Omitting all options yields an inactionable card, which can be displayed
+// but not played. This can be useful for adding an info panel as a debug action.
+type PanelCard[C StatsCollection] struct {
+	Panel       InfoPanel[C]
+	IsUrgent    bool
+	CardOptions []CardOption[C]
+	// AfterOption is given the card itself as its first argument.
+	AfterOption func(c Card[C], p *Player[C], option CardOption[C]) error
+}
+
+// Title implements Card.
+func (c *PanelCard[C]) Title(p *Player[C]) Message {
+	return c.Panel.Title(p)
+}
+
+// Urgent implements Card.
+func (c *PanelCard[C]) Urgent(_ *Player[C]) bool {
+	return c.IsUrgent
+}
+
+// EventText implements Card.
+func (c *PanelCard[C]) EventText(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
+	msgs, err := c.Panel.Info(p)
+	return MultiMessage(msgs), err
+}
+
+// Options implements Card.
+func (c *PanelCard[C]) Options(_ *Player[C]) ([]CardOption[C], error) {
+	return c.CardOptions, nil
+}
+
+// Then implements Card.
+func (c *PanelCard[C]) Then(p *Player[C], option CardOption[C]) error {
+	if c.AfterOption == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c.AfterOption(c, p, option)
+}
+
+// Drawn implements Card.
+func (c *PanelCard[C]) Drawn(_ *Player[C]) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // A BasicOption is a CardOption with fixed text, effects, and output.
+// It's always enabled.
 type BasicOption[C StatsCollection] struct {
 	Text   Message
 	Effect func(*Player[C]) error
@@ -108,6 +176,11 @@ func (b *BasicOption[C]) Enact(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
 	return b.Output, b.Effect(p)
 }
 
+// Enabled implements CardOption.
+func (b *BasicOption[C]) Enabled(p *Player[C]) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
 // OptionFunc attaches a fixed prompt to an Enact-like function. Unlike
 // BasicOption, the enactment function provided to OptionFunc returns
 // the text that should be output as a result of the action, so it is
@@ -121,10 +194,31 @@ type optionFunc[C StatsCollection] struct {
 	f    func(*Player[C]) (Message, error)
 }
 
+// OptionText implements CardOption.
 func (o *optionFunc[C]) OptionText(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
 	return o.text, nil
 }
 
+// Enact implements CardOption.
 func (o *optionFunc[C]) Enact(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
 	return o.f(p)
 }
+
+// Enabled implements CardOption.
+func (o *optionFunc[C]) Enabled(p *Player[C]) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// OnlyDiscardFree returns a []CardOption[C] providing a single option, which
+// returns the action point. It does not shuffle the card back into the deck
+// or draw a replacement (consider the AfterFunc for that if needed). This
+// can be used for cards that are displayable but not actionable, but show up
+// as cards rather than permanent or debug actions for some reason.
+func OnlyDiscardFree[C StatsCollection](msg Message) []CardOption[C] {
+	return []CardOption[C]{
+		OptionFunc(msg, func(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
+			p.ActionsRemaining++
+			return MsgStr("Okay."), nil
+		}),
+	}
+}

cardsim/debugging.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package cardsim
+
+// Named debug verbosity levels. Using the raw constants is fine too. This
+// is roughly consistent with "standard" meanings for these debug levels.
+const (
+	HideWarnings   = -1
+	NotDebugging   = 0
+	DebugWarning   = 1
+	DebugInfo      = 2
+	DebugDetail    = 3
+	DebugFine      = 4
+	DebugSuperfine = 5
+)
+
+// ActionCounterDebugCard constructs a BasicCard intended for use only as a
+// Debug Action that tinkers with the player's action counter.
+func ActionCounterDebugCard[C StatsCollection]() Card[C] {
+	return &BasicCard[C]{
+		CardTitle: MsgStr("Adjust Action Counter"),
+		CardText:  MsgStr("Change the number of actions you have available this turn."),
+		CardOptions: []CardOption[C]{
+			&BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: MsgStr("Get an extra action."),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					p.ActionsRemaining += 2 // counteract the one this costs
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("Gotten."),
+			},
+			&BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: MsgStr("Waste an action."),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("Wasted."),
+			},
+			&BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: MsgStr("Get a thousand actions."),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					p.ActionsRemaining = 1000
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("ActionsRemaining set to 1000."),
+			},
+			&BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: MsgStr("Go to exactly 1 action remaining."),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					p.ActionsRemaining = 1
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("ActionsRemaining set to 1."),
+			},
+			&BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: MsgStr("End the turn. (Set actions to 0.)"),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					p.ActionsRemaining = 0
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("ActionsRemaining zeroed out."),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// DebugModeCard constructs a BasicCard to change the player's debug level.
+// It is intended for use only as a Debug Action.
+func DebugModeCard[C StatsCollection]() Card[C] {
+	return &BasicCard[C]{
+		CardTitle: MsgStr("Change Debug Level"),
+		CardText:  MsgStr("Adjust verbosity of output, or exit debug mode entirely (not recommended)."),
+		CardOptions: []CardOption[C]{
+			debugLevelOption[C]{1, "Enable debug mode. Show warnings."},
+			debugLevelOption[C]{2, "Enable debug mode. Show info messages."},
+			debugLevelOption[C]{3, "Enable debug mode. Show detailed messages."},
+			debugLevelOption[C]{4, "Enable debug mode. Show individual details of operations."},
+			debugLevelOption[C]{5, "Enable debug mode. Show every event in excruciating detail."},
+			debugLevelOption[C]{0, "NOT RECOMMENDED. Disable debugging (show warnings). IT CAN'T BE TURNED BACK ON."},
+			debugLevelOption[C]{-1, "NOT RECOMMENDED. Disable debugging (hide warnings). IT CAN'T BE TURNED BACK ON."},
+		},
+		AfterOption: RefundAction[C](),
+	}
+}
+
+type debugLevelOption[C StatsCollection] struct {
+	level       int
+	description string
+}
+
+// OptionText implements CardOption[C].
+func (d debugLevelOption[C]) OptionText(*Player[C]) (Message, error) {
+	return Msgf("Set debug level %d: %s", d.level, d.description), nil
+}
+
+// Enact implements CardOption[C].
+func (d debugLevelOption[C]) Enact(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
+	p.DebugLevel = d.level
+	return Msgf("Debug level is now %d.", d.level), nil
+}
+
+// Enabled implements CardOption[C].
+func (d debugLevelOption[C]) Enabled(p *Player[C]) bool {
+	return true
+}

cardsim/deck.go

@@ -279,3 +279,145 @@ func (d *Deck[C]) Strip(shouldRemove func(idx int, c Card[C]) bool) int {
 	d.cards = Strip(d.cards, shouldRemove)
 	return origLen - d.Len()
 }
+
+// DeckDebugger is a Card[C], intended for use only as a debug action, that
+// lists the top 10 cards of the deck (without checking if they are drawable)
+// and allows various sorts of deck manipulation for free. It can't be drawn.
+type DeckDebugger[C StatsCollection] struct{}
+
+// Title implements Card[C].
+func (DeckDebugger[C]) Title(p *Player[C]) Message {
+	return MsgStr("Debug Mode Deck Controls")
+}
+
+// Urgent implements Card[C] as used in permanent actions. It's always valid
+// to use the deck debugger. Debug actions do not check urgency flags, but this
+// marks itself as urgent-compatible just in case.
+func (DeckDebugger[C]) Urgent(p *Player[C]) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// Drawn implements Card[C]. It can't be drawn.
+func (DeckDebugger[C]) Drawn(p *Player[C]) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// EventText implements Card[C]. It lists the top ten cards of the deck and
+// a few deck-related and hand-related stats.
+func (DeckDebugger[C]) EventText(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
+	var msgs []Message
+
+	msgs = append(msgs, Msgf("The Deck contains %d cards.", p.Deck.Len()))
+	if p.Deck.Len() > 0 {
+		portion := p.Deck.cards
+		msgs = append(msgs, nil)
+		topness := "All"
+		if p.Deck.Len() > 10 {
+			portion = p.Deck.cards[:10]
+			topness = "Top 10"
+		}
+		msgs = append(msgs, Msgf("%s cards in the Deck:", topness))
+		for i, c := range portion {
+			urgency := " "
+			if c.Urgent(p) {
+				urgency = "!"
+			}
+			msgs = append(msgs, Msgf(" %s %2d) %v", urgency, i+1, c.Title(p)))
+		}
+	}
+	msgs = append(msgs, nil)
+	msgs = append(msgs, Msgf("At the start of each turn, the Player draws to %d cards. The player has %d cards in hand.", p.HandLimit, len(p.Hand)))
+	return MultiMessage(msgs), nil
+}
+
+// Options implements Card[C]. It offers many possible actions.
+func (DeckDebugger[C]) Options(p *Player[C]) ([]CardOption[C], error) {
+	ret := []CardOption[C]{
+		&BasicOption[C]{
+			Text: MsgStr("Draw a card."),
+			Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+				return p.Draw()
+			},
+			Output: MsgStr("Done."),
+		},
+		&BasicOption[C]{
+			Text: MsgStr("Shuffle the deck."),
+			Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+				return p.Deck.Shuffle()
+			},
+			Output: MsgStr("Done."),
+		},
+		&BasicOption[C]{
+			Text: MsgStr("Shuffle top half."),
+			Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+				return p.Deck.ShuffleTop(0.5)
+			},
+			Output: MsgStr("Done."),
+		},
+		&BasicOption[C]{
+			Text: MsgStr("Shuffle bottom half."),
+			Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+				return p.Deck.ShuffleBottom(0.5)
+			},
+			Output: MsgStr("Done."),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, n := range []int{1, 3, 5, 10} {
+		if p.Deck.Len() <= n {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// We don't want the functions we're creating to all share the same "n"
+		// field -- we want to create distinct functions that move distinct
+		// numbers of cards. For more information on what's going on here, see
+		// https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2019/go-internals-capturing-loop-variables-in-closures/
+		//
+		// For the curious, the Go developers don't like the gotcha that
+		// this "shadow variable with itself" workaround patches over either.
+		// Here's the guy who implemented apologizing for it and discussing
+		// changing it: https://github.com/golang/go/discussions/56010
+		//
+		// "Loop variables being per-loop instead of per-iteration is the only
+		//  design decision I know of in Go that makes programs incorrect more
+		//  often than it makes them correct." -- Russ Cox (rsc)
+		n := n
+		invN := p.Deck.Len() - n
+		ret = append(ret,
+			&BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: Msgf("Move the top %d card(s) to the bottom of the deck, in order.", n),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					p.Deck.cards = append(p.Deck.cards, p.Deck.cards[:n]...)
+					p.Deck.cards = p.Deck.cards[n:]
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("Done."),
+			},
+			&BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: Msgf("Move the bottom %d card(s) to the top of the deck, in order.", n),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					p.Deck.cards = append(p.Deck.cards, p.Deck.cards[:invN]...)
+					p.Deck.cards = p.Deck.cards[invN:]
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("Done."),
+			},
+		)
+
+		if n > 1 {
+			ret = append(ret, &BasicOption[C]{
+				Text: Msgf("Shuffle the top %d card(s) of the deck.", n),
+				Effect: func(p *Player[C]) error {
+					return p.Deck.ShufflePart(0, n)
+				},
+				Output: MsgStr("Done."),
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+// Then implements Card[C]. It refunds the action point.
+func (DeckDebugger[C]) Then(p *Player[C], o CardOption[C]) error {
+	p.ActionsRemaining++
+	return nil
+}

cardsim/errors.go

@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ func Warningf(f string, args ...any) *Warning {
 	return &Warning{fmt.Errorf(f, args...)}
 }
 
+// IsSeriousError returns whether e is a non-warning error. If e is nil, this
+// returns false.
+func IsSeriousError(e error) bool {
+	if e == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return !errors.Is(e, AnyWarning)
+}
+
 // A Failure is an error that is definitely not a Warning. If a Warning is
 // wrapped in a Failure, it stops being a Warning.
 type Failure struct {
@@ -144,8 +153,11 @@ func (f Failure) As(target any) bool {
 //   - Otherwise, it returns an error that combines all the errors it collected.
 //     The aggregated error is a Warning if and only if all collected errors
 //     were also warnings.
+//
+// An ErrorCollector's Errs should not be written by anything other than Add,
+// or HasFailure may get out of sync.
 type ErrorCollector struct {
-	errs       []error
+	Errs       []error
 	hasFailure bool
 }
 
@@ -157,12 +169,12 @@ func (ec *ErrorCollector) Add(e error) {
 	if !errors.Is(e, AnyWarning) {
 		ec.hasFailure = true
 	}
-	ec.errs = append(ec.errs, e)
+	ec.Errs = append(ec.Errs, e)
 }
 
 // IsEmpty reports whether ec has zero accumulated errors/warnings.
 func (ec *ErrorCollector) IsEmpty() bool {
-	return len(ec.errs) == 0
+	return len(ec.Errs) == 0
 }
 
 // HasFailure reports whether ec has at least one non-warning error.
@@ -181,16 +193,16 @@ func (ec *ErrorCollector) HasFailure() bool {
 // errors.Is does not erroneously represent a failure as a warning because it
 // contains a warning as a subcomponent.
 func (ec *ErrorCollector) Emit() error {
-	if len(ec.errs) == 0 {
+	if len(ec.Errs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if len(ec.errs) == 1 {
-		return ec.errs[0]
+	if len(ec.Errs) == 1 {
+		return ec.Errs[0]
 	}
 	if ec.HasFailure() {
-		return aggregateFailure(ec.errs)
+		return aggregateFailure(ec.Errs)
 	}
-	return &aggregateError{ec.errs} // all these are recognizable warnings
+	return &aggregateError{ec.Errs} // all these are recognizable warnings
 }
 
 // An aggregateError is a collection of errors that is itself an error.

cardsim/infopanel.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 type InfoPanel[C StatsCollection] interface {
 	// Title returns the title of this InfoPanel, which is also used as the
 	// label presented to the player to access this panel.
-	Title(p *Player[C]) (Message, error)
+	Title(p *Player[C]) Message
 
 	// Info returns the displayable contents of this InfoPanel. A nil Message
 	// in the output is interpreted as a paragraph break.
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ func VisibleOrDebug[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], s Stat) bool {
 }
 
 // Title implements `InfoPanel[C]` by returning b's `Name`.
-func (b *BasicStatsPanel[C]) Title(p *Player[C]) (Message, error) {
-	return b.Name, nil
+func (b *BasicStatsPanel[C]) Title(p *Player[C]) Message {
+	return b.Name
 }
 
 // Info implements `InfoPanel[C]` by dumpiing p.Stats, showing those items for

cardsim/messages.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package cardsim
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
 
 // Message is an opaque interface representing a displayable message.
 // Using an interface here allows for implementation of new message display
@@ -9,6 +12,12 @@ type Message interface {
 	fmt.Stringer
 }
 
+// Titled desccribes any type that returns a Message as a title, given a Player
+// (which it may ignore).
+type Titled[C StatsCollection] interface {
+	Title(*Player[C]) Message
+}
+
 type stringMessage string
 
 func (s stringMessage) String() string {
@@ -25,3 +34,63 @@ func MsgStr(s string) Message {
 func Msgf(f string, args ...any) Message {
 	return stringMessage(fmt.Sprintf(f, args...))
 }
+
+// ErrorMessage returns a Message representing an Error.
+// This is preferred over Msgf for errors, since future versions of the library
+// may perform special message formatting for errors.
+func ErrorMessage(e error) Message {
+	if e == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if IsSeriousError(e) {
+		return MultiMessage{MsgStr("SERIOUS ERROR:"), Msgf("%v", e)}
+	}
+	return MultiMessage{MsgStr("Warning:"), Msgf("%v", e)}
+}
+
+// A SpecialMessage is a specific, uniquely identifiable message.
+type SpecialMessage struct {
+	msg Message
+}
+
+// String implements Message.
+func (s *SpecialMessage) String() string {
+	if s == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return s.msg.String()
+}
+
+// Messages that various display surfaces or other components may have a special interpretation of
+// and identify specifically. These are largely sentinel values. Nil is a paragraph break.
+var (
+	SectionBreak = &SpecialMessage{MsgStr("      --------------------------------------------------------------------      ")}
+	ChapterBreak = &SpecialMessage{MsgStr("      ====================================================================      ")}
+)
+
+// IsSpecialMessage returns whether a provided Message is a specific SpecialMessage.
+func IsSpecialMessage(m Message, s *SpecialMessage) bool {
+	if m == nil {
+		return s == nil
+	}
+	if s2, ok := m.(*SpecialMessage); ok {
+		return s == s2
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// MultiMessage is a sequence of messages treated like one message.
+type MultiMessage []Message
+
+func (m MultiMessage) String() string {
+	s := make([]string, len(m))
+	for i, msg := range m {
+		if msg == nil {
+			s[i] = ""
+			continue
+		}
+		s[i] = msg.String()
+		continue
+	}
+	return strings.Join(s, "\n")
+}

cardsim/player.go

@@ -1,6 +1,22 @@
 package cardsim
 
-import "math/rand"
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidCard   = errors.New("invalid card specified")
+	ErrInvalidChoice = errors.New("invalid choice specified")
+	ErrNotUrgent     = errors.New("action not urgent when urgent card is available")
+	ErrNoActions     = errors.New("no actions remaining")
+	ErrNotDebugging  = errors.New("this is a debug-only feature and you're not in debug mode")
+
+	WarningStalemate         = &Warning{errors.New("no actions can be taken")}
+	WarningUncoperativeCards = &Warning{errors.New("a milion cards refused to join the hand")}
+)
 
 // Player stores all gameplay state for one player at a specific point in time.
 // Game-specific data is stored in Stats.
@@ -59,7 +75,7 @@ type Player[C StatsCollection] struct {
 	Name string
 
 	// Rand is a source of randomness that other components can use.
-	Rand rand.Rand
+	Rand *rand.Rand
 
 	Deck       *Deck[C]
 	Hand       []Card[C]
@@ -83,9 +99,16 @@ type Player[C StatsCollection] struct {
 	ActionsPerTurn   int
 	ActionsRemaining int
 
-	// PermanentActions are an "extra hand" of cards that are not discarded when used.
+	// PermanentActions are an "extra hand" of cards that are not discarded when
+	// used. An Urgent PermanentAction does not block non-urgent actions and
+	// cards in hand from being used, but it can be used even when an urgent
+	// card is in the hand.
 	PermanentActions []Card[C]
 
+	// DebugActions are PermanentActions only available when the player is in
+	// debug mode. InitPlayer adds some standard debugging actions by default.
+	DebugActions []Card[C]
+
 	// InfoPanels lists informational views available to the player. The Prompt
 	// is the InfoPanel shown before the main action menu.
 	InfoPanels []InfoPanel[C]
@@ -134,7 +157,380 @@ const (
 	GameStalled
 )
 
+// InitPlayer returns a mostly-uninitialized Player with the fields
+// that require specific initialization already configured and the
+// provided StatsCollection (if any) already assigned to its Stats.
+// Most fields are not configured and need to be assigned after this.
+//
+// The Player is initialized with an empty deck, empty rule collection,
+// a hand limit of 1, an actions-per-turn limit of 1, and a random
+// number generator seeded with the nanosecond component of the current time.
+// The Deck shares this random number generator.
+func InitPlayer[C StatsCollection](stats C) *Player[C] {
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
+	return &Player[C]{
+		Stats:          stats,
+		Rand:           r,
+		Deck:           &Deck[C]{rand: r},
+		HandLimit:      1,
+		ActionsPerTurn: 1,
+		Rules:          NewRuleCollection[C](),
+		DebugActions: []Card[C]{
+			&DeckDebugger[C]{},
+			&PanelCard[C]{Panel: RuleDumper[C]{}},
+			ActionCounterDebugCard[C](),
+			DebugModeCard[C](),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 // Over returns whether this state represents a game that is over.
 func (g GameState) Over() bool {
 	return g == GameLost || g == GameWon || g == GameCrashed || g == GameStalled
 }
+
+// ChapterBreak apends a chapter break to p.TemporaryMessages, unless it is
+// empty or the most recent non-nil message is already a chapter break.
+func (p *Player[C]) ChapterBreak() {
+	for i := len(p.TemporaryMessages) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		m := p.TemporaryMessages[i]
+		if IsSpecialMessage(m, ChapterBreak) {
+			return
+		}
+		if p.TemporaryMessages[i] != nil {
+			p.TemporaryMessages = append(p.TemporaryMessages, ChapterBreak)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// No non-nil messages -- nothing to do.
+}
+
+// SectionBreak apends a section break to p.TemporaryMessages, unless it is
+// empty or the most recent non-nil message is already a section/chapter break.
+func (p *Player[C]) SectionBreak() {
+	for i := len(p.TemporaryMessages) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		m := p.TemporaryMessages[i]
+		if IsSpecialMessage(m, ChapterBreak) || IsSpecialMessage(m, SectionBreak) {
+			return
+		}
+		if m != nil {
+			p.TemporaryMessages = append(p.TemporaryMessages, SectionBreak)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// No non-nil messages -- nothing to do.
+}
+
+// Simulate executes the simulation up to the start of the next turn. If the
+// simulation crashes, the game state becomes GameCrashed. This returns any
+// generated errors; if the debugging mode is 0 or greater, they also become
+// temporary messages for the next turn.
+func (p *Player[C]) Simulate() error {
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	p.TemporaryMessages = nil
+	p.TemporaryPanels = nil
+	errs.Add(p.Rules.Run(p))
+	errs.Add(p.StartNextTurn())
+
+	if errs.HasFailure() {
+		p.State = GameCrashed
+	}
+
+	if p.DebugLevel > 0 && !errs.IsEmpty() {
+		p.ChapterBreak()
+		p.TemporaryMessages = append(p.TemporaryMessages, Msgf("%d ERRORS AND WARNINGS while simulating turn:", len(errs.Errs)))
+		for i, e := range errs.Errs {
+			yikes := " "
+			if IsSeriousError(e) {
+				yikes = "!"
+			}
+			p.TemporaryMessages = append(p.TemporaryMessages, Msgf("%s[%d]:\t%v", yikes, i, e))
+		}
+	}
+	return errs.Emit()
+}
+
+// StartNextTurn increments the turn counter, resets the action counter,
+// and draws back up to full. If the player cannot take any actions after
+// drawing is complete, the game stalls. (If a drawn card would like to
+// force the player to take no actions for a turn, the best approach is to
+// make that card Urgent and make it reset ActionsRemaining to 0 after it runs.)
+func (p *Player[C]) StartNextTurn() error {
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	p.TurnNumber++
+	p.ActionsRemaining = p.ActionsPerTurn
+	errs.Add(p.FillHand())
+	if len(p.Hand)+len(p.PermanentActions) == 0 {
+		p.State = GameStalled
+		errs.Add(Warningf("%w: no cards in hand, no permanent actions", WarningStalemate))
+	}
+	if p.ActionsRemaining == 0 {
+		p.State = GameStalled
+		errs.Add(Warningf("%w: 0 actions available in the turn", WarningStalemate))
+	}
+	return errs.Emit()
+}
+
+// Draw draws a card into the hand, informing the card that it has been drawn.
+// If more than a million cards refuse to enter the hand, this gives up and
+// returns WarningUncooperativeCards. If the deck does not have enough cards,
+// this returns WarningTooFewCards.
+func (p *Player[C]) Draw() error {
+	for attempts := 0; attempts < 1000000; attempts++ {
+		if p.Deck.Len() == 0 {
+			return WarningTooFewCards
+		}
+		c := p.Deck.Draw()
+		if c.Drawn(p) {
+			p.Hand = append(p.Hand, c)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return WarningUncoperativeCards
+}
+
+// FillHand draws up to the hand limit, informing cards that they have been
+// drawn. If more than a million cards refuse to enter the hand, this gives up
+// and returns WarningUncooperativeCards. If the deck does not have enough
+// cards, this returns WarningTooFewCards.
+func (p *Player[C]) FillHand() error {
+	var lastErr error
+	for p.Deck.Len() > 0 && len(p.Hand) < p.HandLimit {
+		lastErr = p.Draw()
+		if IsSeriousError(lastErr) {
+			return lastErr
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(p.Hand) >= p.HandLimit {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return WarningTooFewCards
+}
+
+// HasUrgentCards returns whether any cards in the Hand think they are Urgent.
+func (p *Player[C]) HasUrgentCards() bool {
+	for _, c := range p.Hand {
+		if c.Urgent(p) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// EnactableType is an enumeration representing a category of enactable thing.
+// Debug actions, permanent actions, and cards behave equivalently in many ways,
+// so EnactableType allows parts of the program to work with any of these and
+// represent which one they apply to.
+type EnactableType int
+
+const (
+	// InvalidEnactable is an uninitialized EnactableType value with no meaning.
+	// Using it is generally an error. If you initialize EnactableType fields
+	// with this value when your program has not yet calculated what type of
+	// enactable will be used, CardSimEngine will be able to detect bugs where
+	// such a calcualation, inadvertently, does not come to any conclusion.
+	// Unlike NothingEnactable, there are no circumstances where this has a
+	// specific valid meaning.
+	InvalidEnactable = EnactableType(iota)
+
+	// NothingEnactable specifically represents not enacting anything. In some
+	// contexts, it's an error to use it; in others, it is a sentinel value
+	// for "do not enact anything". Unlike InvalidEnactable, this has a specific
+	// valid meaning, it's just that the meaning is specifically "nothing".
+	NothingEnactable
+
+	// CardEnactable refers to a card in the hand.
+	CardEnactable
+
+	// PermanentActionEnactable refers to an item in the permanent actions list.
+	PermanentActionEnactable
+
+	// DebugActionEnactable refers to an item in the debug actions list.
+	DebugActionEnactable
+)
+
+// EnactCardUnchecked executes a card choice, removes it from the hand, and
+// decrements the ActionsRemaining. It does not check for conflicting Urgent
+// cards or already being out of actions. If no such card or card choice
+// exists, or the specified choice is not enabled, this returns nil and
+// ErrInvalidCard/ErrInvalidChoice without changing anything. Otherwise, this
+// returns the result of enacting the card. If enacting the card causes a
+// serious error, the State becomes GameCrashed.
+func (p *Player[C]) EnactCardUnchecked(cardIdx, choiceIdx int) (Message, error) {
+	if cardIdx < 0 || cardIdx >= len(p.Hand) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: no card #%d when %d cards in hand", ErrInvalidCard, cardIdx, len(p.Hand))
+	}
+	card := p.Hand[cardIdx]
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	options, err := card.Options(p)
+	if IsSeriousError(err) {
+		p.State = GameCrashed
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	errs.Add(err)
+	if choiceIdx < 0 || choiceIdx > len(options) {
+		errs.Add(fmt.Errorf("%w: no option #%d on card #%d with %d options", ErrInvalidChoice, choiceIdx, cardIdx, len(options)))
+		return nil, errs.Emit()
+	}
+
+	chosen := options[choiceIdx]
+	if !chosen.Enabled(p) {
+		errs.Add(fmt.Errorf("%w: option %d on card %d was not enabled", ErrInvalidChoice, choiceIdx, cardIdx))
+		return nil, errs.Emit()
+	}
+
+	p.Hand = DeleteFrom(p.Hand, cardIdx)
+	p.ActionsRemaining--
+
+	ret, err := options[choiceIdx].Enact(p)
+	errs.Add(err)
+	err = card.Then(p, options[choiceIdx])
+	errs.Add(err)
+
+	err = errs.Emit()
+	if IsSeriousError(err) {
+		p.State = GameCrashed
+	}
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// EnactCard executes a card choice, removes it from the hand, and decrements
+// the ActionsRemaining. If the card is not Urgent but urgent cards are
+// available, or the player is out of actions, this returns ErrNotUrgent or
+// ErrNoActions. Otherwise, this acts like EnactCardUnchecked.
+func (p *Player[C]) EnactCard(cardIdx, choiceIdx int) (Message, error) {
+	if p.ActionsRemaining <= 0 {
+		return nil, ErrNoActions
+	}
+	if cardIdx < 0 || cardIdx >= len(p.Hand) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: no card #%d when %d cards in hand", ErrInvalidCard, cardIdx, len(p.Hand))
+	}
+	if !p.Hand[cardIdx].Urgent(p) && p.HasUrgentCards() {
+		return nil, ErrNotUrgent
+	}
+	return p.EnactCardUnchecked(cardIdx, choiceIdx)
+}
+
+// EnactPermanentActionUnchecked executes a permanently-available action and
+// decrements the ActionsRemaining. It does not check for conflicting Urgent
+// cards or already being out of actions. If no such action or card option
+// exists, or the option is not enabled, this returns nil and ErrInvalidCard
+// or ErrInvalidChoice without changing anything. Otherwise, this returns the
+// result of enacting the permanent action. If enacting the card causes a
+// serious error, the State becomes GameCrashed.
+func (p *Player[C]) EnactPermanentActionUnchecked(actionIdx, choiceIdx int) (Message, error) {
+	return p.enactActionUnchecked(p.PermanentActions, actionIdx, choiceIdx)
+}
+
+// EnactDebugActionUnchecked executes a debug action and decrements the
+// ActionsRemaining, even though most debug actions will want to refund that
+// action point. (Consistency with other actions is important.) It does not
+// check for Urgent cards or for already being out of actions. If no such action
+// or card option exists, or the option is not enabled, this returns nil and
+// ErrInvalidCard or ErrInvalidChoice without changing anything. If the player
+// is not in debug mode (DebugLevel >= 1), this returns ErrNotDebugging.
+// Otherwise, this returns the result of enacting the debug action. If enacting
+// the action causes a serious error, the State becomes GameCrashed.
+func (p *Player[C]) EnactDebugActionUnchecked(actionIdx, choiceIdx int) (Message, error) {
+	if p.DebugLevel < 1 {
+		return nil, ErrNotDebugging
+	}
+	return p.enactActionUnchecked(p.DebugActions, actionIdx, choiceIdx)
+}
+
+// enactActionUnchecked implements EnactPermanentActionUnchecked and EnactDebugActionUnchecked.
+func (p *Player[C]) enactActionUnchecked(actionSource []Card[C], actionIdx, choiceIdx int) (Message, error) {
+	if actionIdx < 0 || actionIdx >= len(actionSource) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: no action #%d when %d actions exist", ErrInvalidCard, actionIdx, len(actionSource))
+	}
+	card := actionSource[actionIdx]
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	options, err := card.Options(p)
+	if IsSeriousError(err) {
+		p.State = GameCrashed
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	errs.Add(err)
+	if choiceIdx < 0 || choiceIdx > len(options) {
+		errs.Add(fmt.Errorf("%w: no option #%d on action #%d with %d options", ErrInvalidChoice, choiceIdx, actionIdx, len(options)))
+		return nil, errs.Emit()
+	}
+	chosen := options[choiceIdx]
+	if !chosen.Enabled(p) {
+		errs.Add(fmt.Errorf("%w: option #%d on action #%d is not enabled", ErrInvalidChoice, choiceIdx, actionIdx))
+		return nil, errs.Emit()
+	}
+
+	p.ActionsRemaining--
+
+	ret, err := chosen.Enact(p)
+	errs.Add(err)
+	err = card.Then(p, chosen)
+	errs.Add(err)
+	retErr := errs.Emit()
+	if IsSeriousError(retErr) {
+		p.State = GameCrashed
+	}
+	return ret, retErr
+}
+
+// EnactPermanentAction executes a permanently-available card and decrements
+// the ActionsRemaining. If the action is not Urgent but urgent cards are
+// available, or the player is out of actions, this returns ErrNotUrgent or
+// ErrNoActions. Otherwise, this acts like EnactPermanentActionUnchecked.
+func (p *Player[C]) EnactPermanentAction(actionIdx, choiceIdx int) (Message, error) {
+	if p.ActionsRemaining <= 0 {
+		return nil, ErrNoActions
+	}
+	if actionIdx < 0 || actionIdx >= len(p.PermanentActions) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: no action #%d when %d permanent actions available", ErrInvalidCard, actionIdx, len(p.PermanentActions))
+	}
+	if !p.PermanentActions[actionIdx].Urgent(p) && p.HasUrgentCards() {
+		return nil, ErrNotUrgent
+	}
+	return p.EnactPermanentActionUnchecked(actionIdx, choiceIdx)
+}
+
+// ReportError adds an error to the temporary messages, depending on
+// its severity and debug settings:
+//
+//   - If the error is nil, this never does anything.
+//   - If the error is serious, this emits the error if the debug level is
+//     -1 or greater.
+//   - If the error is only a warning, this emits the error if the debug
+//     level is 0 or greater.
+func (p *Player[C]) ReportError(e error) {
+	if e == nil || p.DebugLevel < -1 {
+		return
+	}
+	minLvl := NotDebugging
+	if IsSeriousError(e) {
+		minLvl = HideWarnings
+	}
+	p.Debug(minLvl, ErrorMessage(e))
+}
+
+// CanAct returns whether the player has actions theoretically available.
+func (p *Player[C]) CanAct() bool {
+	return p.ActionsRemaining > 0 && (len(p.Hand) > 0 || len(p.PermanentActions) > 0)
+}
+
+// Debug adds a message to the player's temporary messages if their debug level
+// is at least the level specified.
+func (p *Player[C]) Debug(minLevel int, msg Message) {
+	if p.DebugLevel < minLevel || msg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	p.ChapterBreak()
+	p.TemporaryMessages = append(p.TemporaryMessages, msg)
+}
+
+// Emit adds a message to the player's temporary messages.
+func (p *Player[C]) Emit(msg Message) {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	p.TemporaryMessages = append(p.TemporaryMessages, msg)
+}

cardsim/rules.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/kr/pretty"
 )
 
 // A Rule implements an operation run on every game turn.
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ func (r *RuleCollection[C]) performInsert(k *keyedRule[C]) {
 	r.rules[k.id] = k
 
 	s := r.byStep[k.Step()]
-	if s == nil {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
 		r.steps = nil
 	}
 	s = append(s, k.id)
@@ -326,7 +328,7 @@ func (r *RuleCollection[C]) Run(p *Player[C]) error {
 	steps := r.steps
 	if steps == nil {
 		// Step set changed, recalculate.
-		steps := make([]int, 0, len(r.byStep))
+		steps = make([]int, 0, len(r.byStep))
 		for step := range r.byStep {
 			steps = append(steps, step)
 		}
@@ -334,18 +336,21 @@ func (r *RuleCollection[C]) Run(p *Player[C]) error {
 		r.steps = steps
 	}
 
+	p.Debug(2, Msgf("Executing steps: %v", steps))
+
 	var errs ErrorCollector
 	for _, step := range steps {
 		stepRules := r.byStep[step]
-		p.Rand.Shuffle(len(stepRules), func(i, j int) {
-			stepRules[i], stepRules[j] = stepRules[j], stepRules[i]
-		})
+		p.Debug(3, Msgf("Executing step %d; length %d", step, len(stepRules)))
+		ShuffleAll(stepRules, p.Rand)
 		var remove []RuleID
 		halt := false
 		for _, id := range stepRules {
 			rule := r.rules[id]
+			p.Debug(4, Msgf("Executing rule %x (labeled %q)", id, rule.Label()))
 			err := rule.Enact(p)
 			if err != nil {
+				p.Debug(2, Msgf("Rule %x (%q): error: %v", id, rule.Label(), err))
 				ignore := false
 				if errors.Is(err, ErrDeleteRule) {
 					remove = append(remove, id)
@@ -377,10 +382,14 @@ func (r *RuleCollection[C]) Run(p *Player[C]) error {
 			}
 		}
 		if halt {
-			return errs.Emit()
+			ret := errs.Emit()
+			p.Debug(2, Msgf("Rules stopping early. Result: %v", ret))
+			return ret
 		}
 	}
-	return errs.Emit()
+	ret := errs.Emit()
+	p.Debug(2, Msgf("Rules complete. Result: %v", ret))
+	return ret
 }
 
 func (r *RuleCollection[C]) applyDelayedUpdates() {
@@ -395,3 +404,14 @@ func (r *RuleCollection[C]) applyDelayedUpdates() {
 		r.RemoveID(id)
 	}
 }
+
+// RuleDumper is an InfoPanel[C] that dumps all rules in P.
+type RuleDumper[C StatsCollection] struct{}
+
+func (RuleDumper[C]) Title(p *Player[C]) Message {
+	return MsgStr("Rule Dumper")
+}
+
+func (RuleDumper[C]) Info(p *Player[C]) ([]Message, error) {
+	return []Message{Msgf("%# v", pretty.Formatter(p.Rules))}, nil
+}

cardsim/sliceutil.go

@@ -145,3 +145,21 @@ func Strip[T any](slice []T, removeWhen func(idx int, t T) bool) []T {
 	}
 	return slice[:to]
 }
+
+// EnsureCapacity checks if `cap(slice)` is at least req. If so, it returns
+// slice unchanged. Otherwise, it copies `slice` to a new slice that is at least
+// capacity `req` (but may be larger) and returns the copy.
+//
+// It is reasonably efficient to use EnsureCapacity consecutively without
+// regard for the final overall capacity that a specific slice will need to be.
+func EnsureCapacity[T any](slice []T, req int) []T {
+	if cap(slice) >= req {
+		return slice
+	}
+	if req < 2*cap(slice) {
+		req = 2 * cap(slice)
+	}
+	ret := make([]T, len(slice), req)
+	copy(ret, slice)
+	return ret
+}

cardsim/stats.go

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"golang.org/x/exp/constraints"
 )
 
 // A StatsCollection contains stats.
@@ -114,9 +118,30 @@ func (s statFunc[T]) Visible() bool {
 	return s.visible
 }
 
-// ExtractStats pulls all exported Stat fields (not functions) out of a struct.
-// If x cannot be resolved to a struct, it panics. It unwraps interfaces and
-// follows pointers to try to find a struct.
+// ExtractStats pulls all exported stats out of a struct. It puts methods before
+// fields. If the calculated name of a method conflicts with the calculated
+// name of a stat from a field, the method wins.
+//
+// A field is a stat if it is of some Stat type or is tagged with `cardsim:"stat"`,
+// `cardsim:"hidden"` (invisible stat), `cardsim:"round2"` (or any integer, 2 is
+// just an example), or `cardsim:"hiddenround3"`. `hiddenstat`, `statround`, and
+// `hiddenstatround` are also accepted, but other orders of these directives
+// are not. A "round" stat must be a float type and it will be rounded to
+// this number of decimal places.
+//
+// A method is a Stat if it takes 0 arguments, returns exactly 1 value, and
+// starts with Stat or HiddenStat.
+//
+// The name of these inferred stats is calculated by breaking the name into
+// separate words before each capital letter, unless there are consecutive
+// capital letters, which it interprets as an initialism (followed by the
+// start of another word, if it's not at the end). To insert a space between
+// consecutive capital letters, insert an underscore (`_`). This name inference
+// trims "Stat" and "HiddenStat" off the front of method names.
+//
+// To override the name extracted from a field name, add `cardsim_name:"name"`
+// to the tag, where the name part is the name you want to use. It will not be
+// formatted further - use normal spaces, capitalization, etc.
 func ExtractStats(x any) []Stat {
 	v := reflect.ValueOf(x)
 	for k := v.Kind(); k == reflect.Pointer || k == reflect.Interface; k = v.Kind() {
@@ -125,19 +150,125 @@ func ExtractStats(x any) []Stat {
 	if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("%T is not a struct", x))
 	}
+	typ := v.Type()
 
 	var ret []Stat
-	lim := v.NumField()
-	for i := 0; i < lim; i++ {
-		f := v.Field(i)
+
+	known := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, vv := range []reflect.Value{v, v.Addr()} {
+		xt := vv.Type()
+		lim := xt.NumMethod()
+		for i := 0; i < lim; i++ {
+			m := xt.Method(i)
+			if !m.IsExported() {
+				continue
+			}
+			tm := m.Type
+			if tm.NumIn() != 1 {
+				// 1 arg -- receiver
+				continue
+			}
+			if tm.NumOut() != 1 {
+				continue
+			}
+			nameParts := explode(m.Name)
+			if len(nameParts) < 2 {
+				continue
+			}
+			isHidden := false
+			if nameParts[0] == "Hidden" {
+				isHidden = true
+				nameParts = nameParts[1:]
+			}
+			if nameParts[0] != "Stat" {
+				continue
+			}
+			n := strings.Join(nameParts[1:], " ")
+			if n == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if known[n] {
+				continue
+			}
+			known[n] = true
+			val := vv.Method(i).Call([]reflect.Value{})
+			if len(val) != 1 {
+				// This shouldn't happen - we already checked Out. Weird.
+				continue
+			}
+			if !val[0].CanInterface() {
+				continue
+			}
+			ret = append(ret, &StatLiteral{
+				Name:      n,
+				Value:     fmt.Sprint(val[0].Interface()),
+				IsVisible: !isHidden,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	fields := reflect.VisibleFields(typ)
+	for _, sf := range fields {
+		if !sf.IsExported() {
+			continue
+		}
+		f := v.FieldByIndex(sf.Index)
 		if !f.CanInterface() {
 			continue
 		}
-		x := f.Interface()
-		if s, ok := x.(Stat); ok {
+		iface := f.Interface()
+		if s, ok := iface.(Stat); ok {
+			if known[s.StatName()] {
+				continue
+			}
+			known[s.StatName()] = true
 			ret = append(ret, s)
+			continue
 		}
+		if t := sf.Tag.Get("cardsim"); t != "" {
+			isStat := false
+			isHidden := false
+			t = strings.ToLower(t)
+			t = strings.TrimSpace(t)
+			if strings.HasPrefix(t, "hidden") {
+				isStat = true
+				isHidden = true
+				t = t[6:]
+			}
+			if strings.HasPrefix(t, "stat") {
+				isStat = true
+				t = t[4:]
+			}
+			var val string
+			if strings.HasPrefix(t, "round") {
+				isStat = true
+				t = t[5:]
+				n, _ := strconv.Atoi(t)
+				fs := fmt.Sprintf("%%.%df", n)
+				val = fmt.Sprintf(fs, iface)
+			} else if isStat {
+				val = fmt.Sprint(iface)
+			} else {
+				continue // not identifiably a stat
+			}
+			nm := strings.Join(explode(sf.Name), " ")
+			if t := sf.Tag.Get("cardsim_name"); t != "" {
+				nm = t
+			}
+			if known[nm] {
+				continue
+			}
+			known[nm] = true
+			ret = append(ret, &StatLiteral{
+				Name:      nm,
+				Value:     val,
+				IsVisible: !isHidden,
+			})
+			continue
+		}
+		// Else, not a stat.
 	}
+
 	return ret
 }
 
@@ -173,3 +304,105 @@ func (s statSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	// Names differ only by capitalization, if that.
 	return lhs.StatName() < rhs.StatName()
 }
+
+// StatLiteral stores a ready-to-emit stat value.
+type StatLiteral struct {
+	Name      string
+	Value     string
+	IsVisible bool
+}
+
+func (s *StatLiteral) StatName() string {
+	return s.Name
+}
+
+func (s *StatLiteral) String() string {
+	return s.Value
+}
+
+func (s *StatLiteral) Visible() bool {
+	return s.IsVisible
+}
+
+func EmitStat(name string, v any) *StatLiteral {
+	return &StatLiteral{
+		Name:      name,
+		Value:     fmt.Sprint(v),
+		IsVisible: true,
+	}
+}
+
+func EmitHiddenStat(name string, v any) *StatLiteral {
+	return &StatLiteral{
+		Name:      name,
+		Value:     fmt.Sprint(v),
+		IsVisible: false,
+	}
+}
+
+func Statf(name string, f string, args ...any) *StatLiteral {
+	return &StatLiteral{
+		Name:      name,
+		Value:     fmt.Sprintf(f, args...),
+		IsVisible: true,
+	}
+}
+
+func HiddentStatf(name string, f string, args ...any) *StatLiteral {
+	return &StatLiteral{
+		Name:      name,
+		Value:     fmt.Sprintf(f, args...),
+		IsVisible: false,
+	}
+}
+
+func RoundStat[N constraints.Float](name string, val N, decimals int) *StatLiteral {
+	f := fmt.Sprintf("%%.%df", decimals)
+	return &StatLiteral{
+		Name:      name,
+		Value:     fmt.Sprintf(f, val),
+		IsVisible: true,
+	}
+}
+
+func RoundHiddenStat[N constraints.Float](name string, val N, decimals int) *StatLiteral {
+	r := RoundStat(name, val, decimals)
+	r.IsVisible = false
+	return r
+}
+
+// explode turns CamelCase into multiple strings. It recognizes initialisms. To
+// split consecutive capital letters into separate words instead of recognizing
+// them as an initialism, insert underscores.
+func explode(s string) []string {
+	var parts []string
+	started := 0
+	initialism := false
+	for i, r := range s {
+		if unicode.IsUpper(r) {
+			if initialism || (started == i) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if started == i-1 {
+				initialism = true
+				continue
+			}
+			parts = append(parts, s[started:i])
+			started = i
+			continue
+		}
+		if r == '_' {
+			parts = append(parts, s[started:i])
+			initialism = false
+			started = i + 1
+			continue
+		}
+		if initialism {
+			parts = append(parts, s[started:i-1])
+			initialism = false
+			started = i - 1
+		}
+	}
+	parts = append(parts, s[started:])
+	return parts
+}

cardsim/terminalui.go

@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+package cardsim
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func RunSimpleTerminalUI[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C]) error {
+
+	err := p.StartNextTurn()
+	if p.DebugLevel < 1 && IsSeriousError(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	p.ReportError(err)
+
+	for {
+		for p.CanAct() {
+			actionType, cardIdx, choiceIdx, err := pickNextAction(p)
+			p.ReportError(err)
+			if IsSeriousError(err) {
+				if p.DebugLevel < 1 {
+					return err
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			var msg Message
+			switch actionType {
+			case CardEnactable:
+				msg, err = p.EnactCard(cardIdx, choiceIdx)
+			case DebugActionEnactable:
+				msg, err = p.EnactDebugActionUnchecked(cardIdx, choiceIdx)
+			case PermanentActionEnactable:
+				msg, err = p.EnactPermanentAction(cardIdx, choiceIdx)
+			case NothingEnactable:
+				continue
+			default:
+				msg = nil
+				err = fmt.Errorf("invalid enaction type in action loop: %d", actionType)
+			}
+			p.ReportError(err)
+			if IsSeriousError(err) {
+				if p.DebugLevel < 1 {
+					return err
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				display(ErrorMessage(err))
+				display(MsgStr(""))
+			}
+			display(msg)
+			wait()
+		}
+
+		// Allow player to review state before continuing simulation.
+		// Errors from review mode are reported *after* the simulation
+		// step because the first thing Simulate does is throw out old
+		// messages -- like these errors.
+		reviewErr := review(p)
+		if p.DebugLevel < 1 && IsSeriousError(err) {
+			return reviewErr
+		}
+		err = p.Simulate()
+		if p.DebugLevel < 1 && IsSeriousError(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Simulation errors are already in messages; now add the review error.
+		p.ReportError(reviewErr)
+
+		if p.DebugLevel < 1 && p.State.Over() {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	// loop forever until the game ends or the player quits
+}
+
+func display(m Message) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Println(m.String())
+}
+
+func wait() {
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("<press ENTER to continue>")
+	fmt.Scanln()
+}
+
+func displayMainMenu[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C]) (debugOffset, actionsOffset, handOffset, max int) {
+	cls()
+	needsDivider := displayMessageSection(p)
+	if needsDivider {
+		divider()
+	}
+	displayOnePanel(p, p.Prompt)
+	divider()
+	debugOffset = displayStatsMenu(p)
+	if debugOffset > 0 {
+		divider()
+	}
+	actionsOffset = displayDebugActionsMenu(p, debugOffset)
+	if actionsOffset > debugOffset {
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+	handOffset = displayPermanentActionsMenu(p, actionsOffset)
+	if handOffset > actionsOffset {
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+	max = displayHandMenu(p, handOffset)
+	return // uses named return values
+}
+
+func pickNextAction[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C]) (actionType EnactableType, cardIdx int, choiceIdx int, err error) {
+	for {
+		debugOffset, actionsOffset, handOffset, max := displayMainMenu(p)
+
+		divider()
+		fmt.Printf("%d actions remaining.\n", p.ActionsRemaining)
+		fmt.Printf("Show just (M)essages, (I)nfo Panels, (A)ctions, or consider an item (1-%d), or (Q)uit? > ", max)
+		input := getResponse()
+		switch input {
+		// Special cases
+		case "m", "msg", "message", "messages":
+			cls()
+			if displayMessageSection(p) {
+				divider()
+			}
+			displayOnePanel(p, p.Prompt)
+			wait()
+		case "s", "stat", "stats", "i", "info", "p", "panel", "panels", "infopanel", "infopanels":
+			statsMode(p)
+		case "a", "act", "actions":
+			actionType, cardIdx, choiceIdx, err = actionsMode(p, true)
+			if actionType != NothingEnactable {
+				return
+			}
+		case "q", "quit", "exit":
+			confirmQuit()
+		default:
+			i, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Sorry, I don't understand.")
+				wait()
+			} else if i > max {
+				fmt.Println("That's not on this menu. If the menu is too big to read, choose a detail view.")
+				wait()
+			} else if i <= debugOffset {
+				cls()
+				displayOnePanel(p, p.InfoPanels[i-1])
+				wait()
+			} else if i <= actionsOffset {
+				i = i - debugOffset - 1
+				option, promptErr := promptCard(p, p.DebugActions[i], DebugActionEnactable)
+				if option >= 0 || IsSeriousError(promptErr) {
+					return DebugActionEnactable, i, option, promptErr
+				}
+			} else if i <= handOffset {
+				i = i - actionsOffset - 1
+				option, promptErr := promptCard(p, p.PermanentActions[i], PermanentActionEnactable)
+				if option >= 0 || IsSeriousError(promptErr) {
+					return PermanentActionEnactable, i, option, promptErr
+				}
+			} else {
+				i = i - handOffset - 1
+				option, promptErr := promptCard(p, p.Hand[i], CardEnactable)
+				if option >= 0 || IsSeriousError(promptErr) {
+					return CardEnactable, i, option, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func cls() {
+	fmt.Println("\033[H\033[2J")
+}
+
+func getResponse() string {
+	var input string
+	fmt.Scanln(&input)
+	input = strings.TrimSpace(input)
+	input = strings.ToLower(input)
+	return input
+}
+
+func divider() {
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println(ChapterBreak.String())
+	fmt.Println()
+}
+
+func lightDivider() {
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println(SectionBreak.String())
+	fmt.Println()
+}
+
+func confirmQuit() {
+	divider()
+	fmt.Println("Are you sure you want to quit? (Y/N) > ")
+	s := getResponse()
+	if s == "y" || s == "yes" {
+		fmt.Println("Bye!")
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+}
+
+func displayOnePanel[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], panel InfoPanel[C]) error {
+	ts := panel.Title(p).String()
+	if len(ts) > 0 {
+		fmt.Println(ts)
+		fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", len(ts)))
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+	m, err := panel.Info(p)
+	if IsSeriousError(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	display(MultiMessage(m))
+	return err
+}
+
+func displayMessageSection[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C]) bool {
+	if len(p.TemporaryMessages) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, m := range p.TemporaryMessages {
+		if m != nil {
+			display(m)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func displayStatsMenu[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C]) int {
+	if len(p.InfoPanels) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Info Panels")
+	fmt.Println("-----------")
+	displayNumberedTitles(p, p.InfoPanels, 0)
+	return len(p.InfoPanels)
+}
+
+func displayPermanentActionsMenu[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], offset int) int {
+	if len(p.PermanentActions) == 0 {
+		return offset
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Always Available")
+	fmt.Println("----------------")
+	displayNumberedTitles(p, p.PermanentActions, offset)
+	return offset + len(p.PermanentActions)
+}
+
+func displayDebugActionsMenu[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], offset int) int {
+	if p.DebugLevel < 1 || len(p.DebugActions) == 0 {
+		return offset
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Debug Mode")
+	fmt.Println("----------")
+	displayNumberedTitles(p, p.DebugActions, offset)
+	return offset + len(p.DebugActions)
+}
+
+func displayHandMenu[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], offset int) int {
+	if len(p.Hand) == 0 {
+		return offset
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Hand")
+	fmt.Println("----")
+	displayNumberedTitles(p, p.Hand, offset)
+	return offset + len(p.Hand)
+}
+
+func displayNumberedTitles[C StatsCollection, T Titled[C]](p *Player[C], cards []T, offset int) {
+	for i, s := range cards {
+		fmt.Printf("[%2d]: %s\n", i+offset+1, s.Title(p))
+	}
+}
+
+// promptCard asks the player to take an action on a card. Returns the option
+// they chose, or -1 if there was a serious error or they cancelled selection.
+func promptCard[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], card Card[C], cardType EnactableType) (optionIdx int, err error) {
+	// Iterate until the player makes a valid choice.
+	for {
+		opts, valid, err := displayCard(p, card, cardType, true)
+		if IsSeriousError(err) {
+			return -1, err
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+		if valid {
+			fmt.Printf("Go (B)ack, (Q)uit, or enact a choice (1 - %d)? > ", len(opts))
+		} else {
+			fmt.Print("Go (B)ack or (Q)uit? > ")
+		}
+		read := getResponse()
+		switch read {
+		case "b", "back":
+			return -1, err
+		case "q", "quit":
+			confirmQuit()
+		default:
+			i, convErr := strconv.Atoi(read)
+			if convErr != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Sorry, I don't understand.")
+				wait()
+			} else if !valid {
+				fmt.Println("You can't enact anything here.")
+				wait()
+			} else if i <= 0 || i > len(opts) {
+				fmt.Println("That's not one of the options.")
+				wait()
+			} else if !opts[i-1].Enabled(p) {
+				fmt.Println("That option is not available to you right now.")
+				wait()
+			} else {
+				return i - 1, err
+			}
+		}
+		// Invalid selection made -- loop to prompt again.
+	}
+}
+
+func displayCard[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], card Card[C], cardType EnactableType, canAct bool) ([]CardOption[C], bool, error) {
+	cls()
+	t := card.Title(p).String()
+	urgent := card.Urgent(p)
+	if urgent && cardType == CardEnactable {
+		t = "[URGENT!] " + t
+	}
+	fmt.Println(t)
+	fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", len(t)))
+	fmt.Println()
+	event, err := card.EventText(p)
+	if IsSeriousError(err) {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	errs.Add(err)
+	fmt.Println(event.String())
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println(SectionBreak.String())
+	fmt.Println()
+	if !urgent && cardType != DebugActionEnactable && p.HasUrgentCards() {
+		fmt.Println("<You have more urgent matters to attend to! You cannot act on this right now.>")
+		fmt.Println()
+		canAct = false
+	}
+	opts, optErr := card.Options(p)
+	errs.Add(optErr)
+	if IsSeriousError(optErr) {
+		return nil, false, errs.Emit()
+	}
+	valid := false
+	for i, opt := range opts {
+		pfx := "[xx]:"
+		if opt.Enabled(p) {
+			if canAct {
+				pfx = fmt.Sprintf("[%2d]:", i+1)
+				valid = true
+			} else {
+				pfx = "[--]:"
+			}
+		}
+		t, err := opt.OptionText(p)
+		errs.Add(err)
+		if IsSeriousError(err) {
+			return nil, false, errs.Emit()
+		}
+		fmt.Println(pfx, t.String())
+	}
+	return opts, valid, errs.Emit()
+}
+
+func statsMode[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C]) error {
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	for {
+		cls()
+		n := displayStatsMenu(p)
+		if n <= 0 {
+			fmt.Println("No info panels are available.")
+			wait()
+			return errs.Emit()
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+		fmt.Printf("Go (B)ack, (Q)uit, or view an info panel (1-%d)? > ", n)
+		s := getResponse()
+		switch s {
+		case "b", "back":
+			return errs.Emit()
+		case "q", "quit":
+			confirmQuit()
+		default:
+			v, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Sorry, I don't understand.")
+				wait()
+			} else if v <= 0 || v > n {
+				fmt.Println("There's no info panel with that index.")
+			} else {
+				cls()
+				err := displayOnePanel(p, p.InfoPanels[v-1])
+				errs.Add(err)
+				if IsSeriousError(err) {
+					return errs.Emit()
+				}
+				wait()
+			}
+		}
+		// Loop to re-display info panels menu.
+	}
+}
+
+func actionsMode[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C], canAct bool) (actionType EnactableType, cardIdx, choiceIdx int, err error) {
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	for {
+		cls()
+		dOff := displayDebugActionsMenu(p, 0)
+		if dOff > 0 {
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+		pOff := displayPermanentActionsMenu(p, dOff)
+		if pOff > dOff {
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+		max := displayHandMenu(p, pOff)
+
+		if max <= 0 {
+			fmt.Println("There are no actions available and no cards in hand.")
+			fmt.Println("That's a problem. The game is stuck.")
+			confirmQuit()
+			errs.Add(WarningStalemate)
+			return NothingEnactable, -1, -1, errs.Emit()
+		}
+
+		fmt.Println()
+		if canAct {
+			fmt.Printf("Go (B)ack, (Q)uit, or consider an action (1-%d)? > ", max)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Printf("Go (B)ack, (Q)uit, or view an action (1-%d)? > ", max)
+		}
+		input := getResponse()
+		switch input {
+		case "b", "back":
+			return NothingEnactable, -1, -1, errs.Emit()
+		case "q", "quit":
+			confirmQuit()
+		default:
+			v, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Sorry, I don't understand.")
+				wait()
+			} else if v < 1 || v > max {
+				fmt.Println("That's not a card or action.")
+				wait()
+			} else if v <= dOff {
+				v--
+				if canAct {
+					optIdx, err := promptCard(p, p.DebugActions[v], DebugActionEnactable)
+					errs.Add(err)
+					if optIdx >= 0 || IsSeriousError(err) {
+						return DebugActionEnactable, v, optIdx, errs.Emit()
+					}
+				} else {
+					_, _, err := displayCard(p, p.DebugActions[v], DebugActionEnactable, false)
+					errs.Add(err)
+					if IsSeriousError(err) {
+						return DebugActionEnactable, -1, -1, errs.Emit()
+					}
+					wait()
+				}
+			} else if v <= pOff {
+				v = v - dOff - 1
+				if canAct {
+					optIdx, err := promptCard(p, p.PermanentActions[v], PermanentActionEnactable)
+					errs.Add(err)
+					if optIdx >= 0 || IsSeriousError(err) {
+						return PermanentActionEnactable, v, optIdx, errs.Emit()
+					}
+				} else {
+					_, _, err := displayCard(p, p.PermanentActions[v], PermanentActionEnactable, false)
+					errs.Add(err)
+					if IsSeriousError(err) {
+						return PermanentActionEnactable, -1, -1, errs.Emit()
+					}
+					wait()
+				}
+			} else {
+				v = v - pOff - 1
+				if canAct {
+					optIdx, err := promptCard(p, p.Hand[v], CardEnactable)
+					errs.Add(err)
+					if optIdx >= 0 || IsSeriousError(err) {
+						return CardEnactable, v, optIdx, errs.Emit()
+					}
+				} else {
+					_, _, err := displayCard(p, p.Hand[v], CardEnactable, false)
+					errs.Add(err)
+					if IsSeriousError(err) {
+						return CardEnactable, -1, -1, errs.Emit()
+					}
+					wait()
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Re-prompt to get a valid choice.
+	}
+}
+
+func review[C StatsCollection](p *Player[C]) error {
+	var errs ErrorCollector
+	for {
+		debugOffset, actionsOffset, handOffset, max := displayMainMenu(p)
+		divider()
+		fmt.Println("No actions remaining.")
+		fmt.Printf("(C)ontinue, review just (M)essages, (I)nfo Panels, (A)ctions, or an item (1-%d), or (Q)uit? > ", max)
+		input := getResponse()
+		switch input {
+		// Special cases
+		case "m", "msg", "message", "messages":
+			cls()
+			if displayMessageSection(p) {
+				divider()
+			}
+			displayOnePanel(p, p.Prompt)
+			wait()
+		case "s", "stat", "stats", "i", "info", "p", "panel", "panels", "infopanel", "infopanels":
+			err := statsMode(p)
+			errs.Add(err)
+			if IsSeriousError(err) {
+				return errs.Emit()
+			}
+		case "a", "act", "actions":
+			_, _, _, err := actionsMode(p, false)
+			errs.Add(err)
+			if IsSeriousError(err) {
+				return errs.Emit()
+			}
+		case "q", "quit", "exit":
+			confirmQuit()
+		case "c", "continue", "ok":
+			return errs.Emit()
+		default:
+			i, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Sorry, I don't understand.")
+			} else if i <= 0 || i > max {
+				fmt.Println("That's not on this menu. If the menu is too big to read, choose a detail view.")
+			} else if i <= debugOffset {
+				cls()
+				displayOnePanel(p, p.InfoPanels[i-1])
+			} else if i <= actionsOffset {
+				i = i - debugOffset - 1
+				_, _, err := displayCard(p, p.DebugActions[i], DebugActionEnactable, false)
+				errs.Add(err)
+				if IsSeriousError(err) {
+					return errs.Emit()
+				}
+			} else if i <= handOffset {
+				i = i - actionsOffset - 1
+				_, _, err := displayCard(p, p.PermanentActions[i], PermanentActionEnactable, false)
+				errs.Add(err)
+				if IsSeriousError(err) {
+					return errs.Emit()
+				}
+			} else {
+				i = i - handOffset - 1
+				_, _, err := displayCard(p, p.Hand[i], CardEnactable, false)
+				errs.Add(err)
+				if IsSeriousError(err) {
+					return errs.Emit()
+				}
+			}
+			wait()
+		}
+	}
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
-module cardSimEngine
+module git.chromaticdragon.app/kistaro/CardSimEngine
 
 go 1.20
+
+require github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1
+
+require (
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29
+)

go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
+github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29 h1:ooxPy7fPvB4kwsA2h+iBNHkAbp/4JxTSwCmvdjEYmug=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29/go.mod h1:CxIveKay+FTh1D0yPZemJVgC/95VzuuOLq5Qi4xnoYc=

smoketest/cards.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"git.chromaticdragon.app/kistaro/CardSimEngine/cardsim"
+)
+
+// Type aliases, unlike distinctly named types, are fully substitutable for
+// the original type. This trims off some annoying-to-type things.
+type player = cardsim.Player[*SmokeTestCollection]
+type card = cardsim.Card[*SmokeTestCollection]
+type cardOption = cardsim.CardOption[*SmokeTestCollection]
+
+func makeAdditionCard(amt int) cardsim.Card[*SmokeTestCollection] {
+	c := &cardsim.BasicCard[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+		CardTitle: cardsim.Msgf("Additive %d", amt),
+		CardText:  cardsim.Msgf("You can change the Number by %d.", amt),
+		CardOptions: []cardsim.CardOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+			&cardsim.BasicOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+				Text: cardsim.Msgf("Add %d", amt),
+				Effect: func(p *player) error {
+					p.Stats.Number.Value += amt
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: cardsim.MsgStr("Added."),
+			},
+			&cardsim.BasicOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+				Text: cardsim.Msgf("Subtract %d", amt),
+				Effect: func(p *player) error {
+					p.Stats.Number.Value -= amt
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: cardsim.MsgStr("Subtracted."),
+			},
+		},
+		AfterOption: func(c card, p *player, _ cardOption) error {
+			p.Deck.InsertRandomBottom(0.5, c)
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+func makeMultiplicationCard(amt int) cardsim.Card[*SmokeTestCollection] {
+	c := &cardsim.BasicCard[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+		CardTitle: cardsim.Msgf("Multiplicative %d", amt),
+		CardText:  cardsim.Msgf("You can multiply or divide the Number by %d, or maybe divide the Number by that.", amt),
+		CardOptions: []cardsim.CardOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+			&cardsim.BasicOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+				Text: cardsim.Msgf("Multiply by %d", amt),
+				Effect: func(p *player) error {
+					p.Stats.Number.Value *= amt
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: cardsim.MsgStr("Multiplied."),
+			},
+			&cardsim.BasicOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+				Text: cardsim.Msgf("Integer divide by %d", amt),
+				Effect: func(p *player) error {
+					p.Stats.Number.Value /= amt
+					return nil
+				},
+				Output: cardsim.MsgStr("Divided."),
+			},
+			inverseDivision(amt),
+		},
+		AfterOption: func(c card, p *player, _ cardOption) error {
+			p.Deck.InsertRandomBottom(0.5, c)
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+type inverseDivision int
+
+func (i inverseDivision) OptionText(p *player) (cardsim.Message, error) {
+	if p.Stats.Number.Value == 0 {
+		return cardsim.MsgStr("You can't divide by zero!"), nil
+	}
+	return cardsim.Msgf("Divide %d by the Number", int(i)), nil
+}
+
+func (i inverseDivision) Enact(p *player) (cardsim.Message, error) {
+	if p.Stats.Number.Value == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("you can't divide by zero")
+	}
+	p.Stats.Number.Value = int(i) / p.Stats.Number.Value
+	return cardsim.MsgStr("Inverse divided."), nil
+}
+
+func (i inverseDivision) Enabled(p *player) bool {
+	return p.Stats.Number.Value != 0
+}
+
+func initDeck(d *cardsim.Deck[*SmokeTestCollection]) {
+	addMe := []int{
+		0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000, 2500, 500000, 9876543,
+	}
+	for _, n := range addMe {
+		d.Insert(cardsim.BottomOfDeck, makeAdditionCard(n))
+	}
+
+	multiplyMe := []int{
+		2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 512, 1024, 9999, 84720413,
+	}
+	for _, n := range multiplyMe {
+		d.Insert(cardsim.BottomOfDeck, makeMultiplicationCard(n))
+	}
+	if err := d.Shuffle(); cardsim.IsSeriousError(err) {
+		panic(err)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Error shuffling: %v\n", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func installPermanentActions(pa *[]card) {
+	*pa = []card{
+		&cardsim.BasicCard[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+			CardTitle: cardsim.MsgStr("Reset Number"),
+			CardText:  cardsim.MsgStr("Resets Number to a fixed value."),
+			CardOptions: []cardOption{
+				&cardsim.BasicOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+					Text: cardsim.MsgStr("Reset to 0."),
+					Effect: func(p *player) error {
+						p.Stats.Number.Value = 0
+						return nil
+					},
+					Output: cardsim.MsgStr("Done."),
+				},
+				&cardsim.BasicOption[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+					Text: cardsim.MsgStr("Reset to 1,000,000"),
+					Effect: func(p *player) error {
+						p.Stats.Number.Value = 1000000
+						return nil
+					},
+					Output: cardsim.MsgStr("Done."),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

smoketest/collection.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"git.chromaticdragon.app/kistaro/CardSimEngine/cardsim"
+)
+
+// SmokeTestCollection is a stats collection for the simple test sim.
+type SmokeTestCollection struct {
+	Number cardsim.Stored[int]
+	Total  cardsim.Stored[int64]
+	Turns  cardsim.Invisible[int]
+
+	Flavor cardsim.Stored[string]
+
+	Things       int     `cardsim:"stat" cardsim_name:"A Renamed Thing"`
+	MoreThings   int     `cardsim:"hidden"`
+	FloatyThings float64 `cardsim:"round1"`
+	Label        string  `cardsim:"stat"`
+}
+
+func (c *SmokeTestCollection) Average() float64 {
+	return float64(c.Total.Value) / float64(c.Turns.Value)
+}
+
+func (c *SmokeTestCollection) Stats() []cardsim.Stat {
+	stats := cardsim.ExtractStats(c)
+	stats = append(stats, cardsim.StatFunc("Average", c.Average))
+	cardsim.SortStats(stats)
+	return stats
+}
+
+func (c *SmokeTestCollection) StatTotalThings() float64 {
+	return float64(c.Things+c.MoreThings) + c.FloatyThings
+}

smoketest/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Binary smoketest runs a very simple cardsim thing.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"git.chromaticdragon.app/kistaro/CardSimEngine/cardsim"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	p := cardsim.InitPlayer(
+		&SmokeTestCollection{
+			Number: cardsim.Stored[int]{
+				Name:  "Number",
+				Value: 0,
+			},
+			Total: cardsim.Stored[int64]{
+				Name:  "Total",
+				Value: 0,
+			},
+			Turns: cardsim.Invisible[int]{
+				Name:  "Turns",
+				Value: 0,
+			},
+			Flavor: cardsim.Stored[string]{
+				Name:  "Flavor",
+				Value: "Lemon",
+			},
+			Things:       5,
+			MoreThings:   9,
+			FloatyThings: 123.456,
+			Label:        "whee",
+		},
+	)
+	p.Name = "Dave"
+	p.HandLimit = 3
+	p.ActionsPerTurn = 2
+	installRules(p.Rules)
+	initDeck(p.Deck)
+	installPermanentActions(&p.PermanentActions)
+	p.InfoPanels = []cardsim.InfoPanel[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+		&cardsim.BasicStatsPanel[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+			Name:  cardsim.MsgStr("Stats"),
+			Intro: cardsim.MsgStr("Hi! These are the smoke test stats."),
+		},
+	}
+	p.Prompt = prompt{}
+	p.DebugLevel = 5
+
+	err := cardsim.RunSimpleTerminalUI(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("Terminated with error:")
+		fmt.Println(err)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("Terminated without error.")
+	}
+}
+
+type prompt struct{}
+
+func (prompt) Title(p *cardsim.Player[*SmokeTestCollection]) cardsim.Message {
+	return cardsim.MsgStr("Smoke Test")
+}
+
+func (prompt) Info(p *cardsim.Player[*SmokeTestCollection]) ([]cardsim.Message, error) {
+	return []cardsim.Message{
+		cardsim.MsgStr("Here, have some stuff."),
+		cardsim.Msgf("It's turn %d according to the player and turn %d according to me.", p.TurnNumber, p.Stats.Turns.Value),
+		cardsim.Msgf("The current Number is %d. It tastes like %s.", p.Stats.Number.Value, p.Stats.Flavor.Value),
+	}, nil
+}

smoketest/rules.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"math"
+
+	"git.chromaticdragon.app/kistaro/CardSimEngine/cardsim"
+)
+
+var (
+	updateTotal = cardsim.RuleFunc[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+		Name: "updateTotal",
+		Seq:  1,
+		F: func(p *cardsim.Player[*SmokeTestCollection]) error {
+			p.Stats.Total.Value += int64(p.Stats.Number.Value)
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	countTurn = cardsim.RuleFunc[*SmokeTestCollection]{
+		Name: "countTurn",
+		Seq:  math.MinInt,
+		F: func(p *cardsim.Player[*SmokeTestCollection]) error {
+			p.Stats.Turns.Value++
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+)
+
+func installRules(rules *cardsim.RuleCollection[*SmokeTestCollection]) {
+	rules.Insert(&updateTotal)
+	rules.Insert(&countTurn)
+}